Pneumoderma violaceum

Pneumoderma violaceum d’Orbigny, 1834

• Cirrifer paradoxus Pfeffer, 1879
• Pneumoderma atlanticum (Oken, 1815)
• Pneumoderma atlanticum pacificum Dall, 1871
• Pneumoderma atlanticum var. bonnevii van der Spoel, 1972
• Pneumoderma boasi Pelseneer, 1905
• Pneumoderma eurycotylum Meisenheimer, 1905
• Pneumoderma pacificum Dall, 1871
• Pneumoderma peronii Cuvier, 1816
• Pneumoderma pygmaeum Tesch, 1903
• Pneumoderma souleyeti Pelseneer, 1887
• Pneumoderma violaceum pacificum Dall, 1871
• Pneumodermis atlanticus Oken, 1815

Description

Biology

Etymology

• Pneumoderma, from Greek “pneumein”, breathe + “derma”, skin.
• Violaceum, from Latin “violaceus”, dark blue or purple.

Distribution

More pictures

We have no (more) pictures for Pneumoderma violaceum

Bibliography

1246567 Pneumoderma violaceum 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 7206 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%225SZ2CEQV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBallesteros%2C%20M.%20%282007%29.%20Lista%20actualizada%20de%20los%20opistobranquios%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Gastropoda%3A%20Opisthobranchia%29%20de%20las%20costas%20catalanas.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSpira%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%283%29%2C%20163-188.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Lista%20actualizada%20de%20los%20opistobranquios%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Gastropoda%3A%20Opisthobranchia%29%20de%20las%20costas%20catalanas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Manuel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Gastropoda%3A%20Opisthobranchia%29%20from%20the%20Catalan%20coasts.%20A%20taxonomic%20checklist%20of%20opisthobranch%20species%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Gastropoda%3A%20Opisthobranchia%29%20thus%20far%20recorded%20from%20littoral%20or%20deep%20waters%20from%20the%20Catalan%20coasts%20%28NE%20Iberian%20Peninsula%29%20is%20presented.%20This%20checklist%20is%20based%20on%20published%20citations%20from%20the%20literature%2C%20on%20reports%20taken%20from%20the%20Internet%2C%20on%20personal%20communications%20from%20divers%20and%20on%20numerous%20unpublished%20data%20from%20the%20author.%20Bibliographic%20references%20are%20given%20for%20each%20species%2C%20and%20in%20the%20case%20of%20unpublished%20and%20Internet%20data%2C%20specific%20localities%20where%20they%20have%20been%20collected%20or%20observed%20are%20given.%20A%20total%20of%20205%20opisthobranch%20species%20are%20thus%20far%20recorded%20in%20Catalan%20waters%3A%2036%20belonging%20to%20Cephalaspidea%20s.s.%2C%209%20to%20Architectibranchia%2C%207%20to%20Anaspidea%2C%2011%20to%20Thecosomata%2C%203%20to%20Gymnosomata%2C%2014%20to%20Sacoglossa%2C%202%20to%20Umbraculacea%2C%208%20to%20Pleurobranchacea%20and%20115%20to%20Nudibranchia%20%2855%20Doridina%2C%2014%20Dendronotina%2C%204%20Arminina%20and%2042%20Aeolidina%29.%20Of%20these%20species%2C%20three%20of%20them%20are%20new%20records%20for%20the%20Iberian%20littoral%20%28Runcina%20adriatica%2C%20R.%20brenkoae%20and%20Tritonia%20lineata%29%2C%20and%20seven%20more%20are%20new%20for%20the%20Catalan%20littoral%20%28Runcina%20coronata%2C%20R.%20ferruginea%2C%20Elysia%20translucens%2C%20Ercolania%20coerulea%2C%20Berthellina%20edwarsi%2C%20Doris%20ocelligera%20and%20Piseinotecus%20gabinieri%29.%20Taking%20into%20account%20the%20length%20of%20the%20Catalan%20littoral%20%28550%20km%29%20and%20in%20comparison%20with%20published%20data%20for%20other%20coastal%20areas%20of%20the%20Iberian%20Peninsula%2C%20it%20can%20be%20concluded%20that%20Catalan%20coasts%20are%20very%20rich%20in%20opisthobranch%20biodiversity%20and%20that%20the%20degree%20of%20knowledge%20about%20this%20group%20of%20molluscs%20is%20very%20high.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222007%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BAE9P36R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ballesteros%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBallesteros%2C%20M.%2C%20Madrenas%2C%20E.%2C%20Pontes%2C%20M.%20%282016%29.%20Actualizaci%26%23xF3%3Bn%20del%20cat%26%23xE1%3Blogo%20de%20los%20moluscos%20opistobranquios%20%28Gastropoda%3A%20Heterobranchia%29%20de%20las%20costas%20catalanas.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSpira%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B6%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%201-28.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Actualizaci%5Cu00f3n%20del%20cat%5Cu00e1logo%20de%20los%20moluscos%20opistobranquios%20%28Gastropoda%3A%20Heterobranchia%29%20de%20las%20costas%20catalanas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madrenas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pontes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22An%20extension%20of%20the%20checklist%20of%20opisthobranch%20species%20%28Gastropoda%3A%20Heterobranchia%29%20known%20from%20the%20Catalan%20Coasts%20is%20presented%2C%20based%20on%20numerous%20unpublished%20findings%20by%20the%20authors%20and%20reports%20confirmed%20with%20pictures%20posted%20in%20several%20Internet%20platforms.%20A%20total%20of%2053%20species%20are%20added%20to%20the%20previous%20catalog%3A%204%20Cephalaspidea%2C%209%20Runcinacea%2C%203%20Anaspidea%2C%208%20Sacoglossa%20and%2029%20Nudibranchia%20%2811%20Doridacea%2C%2010%20Aeolidacea%2C%202%20Dendronotacea%20and%206%20Cladobranchia%20incertae%20sedis%29.%20Data%20for%20the%20different%20reports%20of%20each%20of%20these%20species%20are%20provided%2C%20along%20with%20some%20biological%2C%20distribution%20or%20taxonomical%20remarks%20of%20interest.%20Finally%2C%20an%20updated%20and%20taxonomically%20sorted%20list%20of%20all%20opisthobranch%20species%20known%20for%20Catalonia%20is%20provided%2C%20including%20a%20total%20of%20257%20species%2C%20of%20which%209%20are%20basal%20Heterobranchia%2C%2035%20Cephalaspidea%2C%2013%20Runcinacea%2C%2010%20Anaspidea%2C%2022%20Sacoglossa%2C%208%20Pleurobranchomorpha%2C%202%20Umbraculida%2C%203%20Gymnosomata%2C%2011%20Thecosomata%20and%20144%20Nudibranchia%20%2866%20Doridacea%2C%2051%20Aeolidida%2C%2012%20Dendronotida%2C%2012%20Cladobranchia%20incertae%20sedis%20and%203%20Euarminida%29.%20With%20all%20the%20new%20data%20reported%20in%20this%20paper%2C%20and%20regarding%20opisthobranch%20mollusks%2C%20the%20Catalan%20Coast%20becomes%20the%20biologically%20most%20diverse%20geographical%20region%20in%20the%20Iberian%20Peninsula.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22US4WQRA3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ballesteros%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBallesteros%2C%20M.%2C%20Madrenas%2C%20E.%2C%20Pontes%2C%20M.%20%282026%29.%20OPK%20-%20Opistobranquis.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopistobranquis.info%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopistobranquis.info%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%5BAccedido%206%20de%20marzo%20de%202026%5D%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22OPK%20-%20Opistobranquis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madrenas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pontes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20website%20about%20the%20Mediterranean%20and%20Iberian%20opisthobranch%20species%2C%20including%20those%20from%20Eastern%20Atlantic%20shores%20and%20archipielagos.%20With%20detailed%20descriptions%2C%20pictures%2C%20videos%2C%20bibliography%20and%20links%20to%20other%20relevant%20websites.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopistobranquis.info%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2222WZ5MYR%22%2C%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-03-08T18%3A41%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HM8AG4CQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cervera%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCervera%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Calado%2C%20G.%2C%20Gavaia%2C%20C.%2C%20Malaqu%26%23xED%3Bas%2C%20M.%20A.%20E.%2C%20Templado%2C%20J.%2C%20Ballesteros%2C%20M.%2C%20Garc%26%23xED%3Ba-G%26%23xF3%3Bmez%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Megina%2C%20C.%20%282004%29.%20An%20annotated%20and%20updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20Spain%20and%20Portugal%20%28including%20islands%20and%20archipelagos%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBolet%26%23xED%3Bn%20Instituto%20Espa%26%23xF1%3Bol%20de%20Oceanograf%26%23xED%3Ba%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281-4%29%2C%201-111.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20annotated%20and%20updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20Spain%20and%20Portugal%20%28including%20islands%20and%20archipelagos%29.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cervera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Calado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gavaia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.A.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malaqu%5Cu00edas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Templado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-G%5Cu00f3mez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Megina%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20present%20publication%20is%20a%20new%20annotated%20and%20updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20the%20Spanish%20and%20Portuguese%20coasts%2C%20including%20their%20Atlantic%20archipelagos%20%28Azores%2C%20Madeira%2C%20Selvagens%20and%20Canary%20Islands%29.%20The%20bathyal%20species%20recorded%20from%20the%20continental%20shelf%20of%20all%20these%20areas%20are%20also%20included.%20Incorporating%20a%20review%20of%20the%20literature%2C%20523%20species%20are%20included%20on%20the%20present%20checklist%2C%2023%20belonging%20to%20Architectibranchia%2C%20111%20to%20Cephalaspidea%20s.%20s.%2C%2014%20to%20Anaspidea%2C%204%20to%20Acochlidiomorpha%2C%2037%20to%20Thecosomata%2C%207%20to%20Gymnosomata%2C%2043%20to%20Sacoglossa%2C%203%20to%20Umbraculoidea%2C%2016%20to%20Pleurobranchoidea%20and%20265%20to%20Nudibranchia%3A%20127%20Doridoidea%2C%2042%20Dendronotoidea%2C%209%20Arminoidea%2C%20and%2087%20Aeolidoidea.%20The%20records%20these%20species%20have%20been%20divided%20into%2012%20geographic%20sectors%3A%201%29%20Spanish%20coast%20on%20the%20Bay%20of%20Biscay%3B%202%29%20Galicia%3B%203%29%20mainland%20coast%20of%20Portugal%3B%204%29%20Andalusian%20Atlantic%20coast%3B%205%29%20Straits%20of%20Gibraltar%2C%20including%20Ceuta%20%28northern%20Africa%29%3B%206%29%20Andalusian%20Mediterranean%20coast%2C%20including%20Albor%5Cu00e1n%20Island%3B%207%29%20Spanish%20Levant%2C%20from%20Cape%20Gata%20to%20Catalonia%3B%208%29%20Catalonia%2C%20including%20the%20Columbretes%20Islands%3B%209%29%20Balearic%20Islands%3B%2010%29%20Canary%20and%20Selvagens%20Islands%3B%2011%29%20Madeira%3B%20and%2012%29%20the%20Azores.%20The%20biogeographical%20relationships%20among%20these%20selected%20areas%20are%20discussed%20in%20the%20present%20paper%5Cu2019s%20Conclusions.%20Taxonomic%20comments%20about%20many%20of%20the%20taxa%20cited%20are%20also%20included.%20It%20is%20noteworthy%20that%20since%201975%2C%20a%20total%20of%20117%20specific%20taxa%20have%20been%20described%20as%20new%20to%20science%20in%20the%20studied%20area.%20Some%20of%20them%20are%20currently%20considered%20synonyms%2C%20and%20others%20are%20pending%20an%20adequate%20revision.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-09-10T12%3A17%3A13Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22639BNKMI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22D%27Orbigny%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221834%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BD%26%23x2019%3BOrbigny%2C%20A.%20%281834%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVoyage%20dans%20l%26%23x2019%3BAm%26%23xE9%3Brique%20m%26%23xE9%3Bridionale...%20ex%26%23xE9%3Bcut%26%23xE9%3B%20pendant%20les%20ann%26%23xE9%3Bes%201826%2C%201827%2C%201828%2C%201829%2C%201830%2C%201831%2C%201832%20et%201833.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20P.%20Bertrand%2C%20Paris%2C%20and%20Levrault%2C%20Strasbourg.%20Available%20online%20from%20Biodiversity%20Heritage%20Library%20%5BText%5D%20%5BAtlas%5D.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Voyage%20dans%20l%27Am%5Cu00e9rique%20m%5Cu00e9ridionale...%20ex%5Cu00e9cut%5Cu00e9%20pendant%20les%20ann%5Cu00e9es%201826%2C%201827%2C%201828%2C%201829%2C%201830%2C%201831%2C%201832%20et%201833.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22D%27Orbigny%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221834%201847%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222016-04-29T13%3A27%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KXVXXJ6Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gosliner%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGosliner%2C%20T.%20M.%2C%20Jones%2C%20G.%2C%20Beasley%2C%20L.%2C%20Claassens%2C%20L.%2C%20Fraser%2C%20V.%2C%20Herbert%2C%20Jonker%2C%20K.%20et%26%23xA0%3Bal.%20%282023%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSouthern%20African%20Sea%20Slugs%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Southern%20Underwater%20Research%20Group%20Press.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Southern%20African%20Sea%20Slugs%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gosliner%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jones%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Beasley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Claassens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fraser%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herbert%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jonker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Liltved%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ogden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ogden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pretorius%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pritchard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sellick%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sherry%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Snyman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Southwood%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Str%5Cu00f6mvoll%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thornycroft%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Y.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tibiri%5Cu00e7%5Cu00e1%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Toms%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20der%20Colff%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Jaarsveld%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Jaarsveld%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Walne%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zsilavecz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-7961-2202-5%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-31T19%3A55%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223VWGKIQP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Long%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLong%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282006%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBibliography%20of%20Opisthobranchia%201554-2000.%20Bayside%20Books%20%26amp%3B%20Press%2C%20Tustin%2C%20CA%2C%20U.S.A.%20672p.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bibliography%20of%20Opisthobranchia%201554-2000.%20Bayside%20Books%20%26%20Press%2C%20Tustin%2C%20CA%2C%20U.S.A.%20672p.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Long%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A15%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225MFDPG8V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McDonald%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMcDonald%2C%20G.%20%282009%29.%20Bibliographia%20Nudibranchia.%202nd%20Online%20Edition%2C%20Annotated.%201072%20pp%26%23xA0%3B%20Institute%20of%20Marine%20Sciences%2C%20University%20of%20California%2C%20Santa%20Cruz.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fescholarship.org%5C%2Fuc%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F8115h0wz%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fescholarship.org%5C%2Fuc%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F8115h0wz%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bibliographia%20Nudibranchia.%202nd%20Online%20Edition%2C%20Annotated.%201072%20pp%20%20Institute%20of%20Marine%20Sciences%2C%20University%20of%20California%2C%20Santa%20Cruz%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McDonald%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fescholarship.org%5C%2Fuc%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F8115h0wz%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A15%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DJ3USB54%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Moro%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222003%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMoro%2C%20L.%2C%20Mart%26%23xED%3Bn%20Esquivel%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Garrido%20Sanahuja%2C%20M.%20J.%2C%20Izquierdo%20Zamora%2C%20I.%20%282003%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BLista%20de%20especies%20marinas%20de%20Canarias%20%28algas%2C%20hongos%2C%20plantas%20y%20animales%29%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Consejer%26%23xED%3Ba%20de%20Pol%26%23xED%3Btica%20Territorial%20y%20Medio%20Ambiente%20del%20Gobierno%20de%20Canarias.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Lista%20de%20especies%20marinas%20de%20Canarias%20%28algas%2C%20hongos%2C%20plantas%20y%20animales%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mart%5Cu00edn%20Esquivel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garrido%20Sanahuja%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22I.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Izquierdo%20Zamora%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222003%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225UVIDCZV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Oskars%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BOskars%2C%20T.%20R.%2C%20Bouchet%2C%20P.%2C%20Malaquias%2C%20M.%20A.%20E.%20%282015%29.%20A%20new%20phylogeny%20of%20the%20Cephalaspidea%20%28Gastropoda%3A%20Heterobranchia%29based%20on%20expanded%20taxon%20sampling%20and%20gene%20markers.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMolecular%20Phylogenetics%20and%20Evolution%2089%20%282015%29%20130%26%23x2013%3B150%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20new%20phylogeny%20of%20the%20Cephalaspidea%20%28Gastropoda%3A%20Heterobranchia%29based%20on%20expanded%20taxon%20sampling%20and%20gene%20markers%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22T.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oskars%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bouchet%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malaquias%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Cephalaspidea%20is%20a%20diverse%20marine%20clade%20of%20euthyneuran%20gastropods%20with%20many%20groups%20still%20known%20largely%20from%20shells%20or%20scant%20anatomical%20data.%20The%20definition%20of%20the%20group%20and%20the%20relationships%20between%20members%20has%20been%20hampered%20by%20the%20difficulty%20of%20establishing%20sound%20synapomorphies%2C%20but%20the%20advent%20of%20molecular%20phylogenetics%20is%20helping%20to%20change%20significantly%20this%20situation.%20Yet%2C%20because%20of%20limited%20taxon%20sampling%20and%20few%20genetic%20markers%20employed%20in%20previous%20studies%2C%20many%20questions%20about%20the%20sister%20relationships%20and%20monophyletic%20status%20of%20several%20families%20remained%20open.In%20this%20study%20109%20species%20of%20Cephalaspidea%20were%20included%20covering%20100%25%20of%20traditional%20family-level%20diversity%20%2812%20families%29%20and%2050%25%20of%20all%20genera%20%2833%20genera%29.%20Bayesian%20and%20maximum%20likelihood%20phylogenetics%20analyses%20based%20on%20two%20mitochondrial%20%28COI%2C%2016S%20rRNA%29%20and%20two%20nuclear%20gene%20markers%20%2828S%20rRNA%20and%20Histone-3%29%20were%20used%20to%20infer%20the%20relationships%20of%20Cephalaspidea.%20The%20monophyly%20of%20the%20Cephalaspidea%20was%20confirmed.%20The%20families%20Cylichnidae%2C%20Diaphanidae%2C%20Haminoeidae%2C%20Philinidae%2C%20and%20Retusidae%20were%20found%20non-monophyletic.%20This%20result%20suggests%20that%20the%20family%20level%20taxonomy%20of%20the%20Cephalaspidea%20warrants%20a%20profound%20revision%20and%20several%20new%20family%20and%20genus%20names%20are%20required%20to%20reflect%20the%20new%20phylogenetic%20hypothesis%20presented%20here.%20We%20propose%20a%20new%20classification%20of%20the%20Cephalaspidea%20including%20five%20new%20families%20%28Alacuppidae%2C%20Colinatydidae%2C%20Colpodaspididae%2C%20Mnestiidae%2C%20Philinorbidae%29%20and%20one%20new%20genus%20%28Alacuppa%29.%20Two%20family%20names%20%28Acteocinidae%2C%20Laonidae%29%20and%20two%20genera%20%28Laona%2C%20Philinorbis%29%20are%20reinstated%20as%20valid.%20An%20additional%20lineage%20with%20family%20rank%20%28Philinidae%20%5Cu2018%5Cu2018Clade%204%5Cu2019%5Cu2019%29%20was%20unravelled%2C%20but%20no%20genus%20and%20species%20names%20are%20available%20to%20reflect%20the%20phylogeny%20and%20formal%20description%20will%20take%20place%20elsewhere.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdx.doi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ympev.2015.04.011%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-05-14T13%3A58%3A22Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2235CMJWD9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pruvot-Fol%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221924%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPruvot-Fol%2C%20A.%20%281924%29.%20%26%23xC9%3Btude%20de%20quelques%20gymnosomes%20m%26%23xE9%3Bditerran%26%23xE9%3Bens%20des%20p%26%23xEA%3Bches%20de%20%26%23xAB%3Bl%26%23x2019%3BOrvet%26%23xBB%3B%20en%201921%20et%201922.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BArch.%20Zool.%20Exp.%20G%26%23xE9%3Bn.%2062%286%29%3A%20345-400%2C%2032%20figs%2C%20pls%2015-16.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%5Cu00c9tude%20de%20quelques%20gymnosomes%20m%5Cu00e9diterran%5Cu00e9ens%20des%20p%5Cu00eaches%20de%20%27l%27Orvet%27%20en%201921%20et%201922%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pruvot-Fol%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%281924%29%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222016-04-29T13%3A02%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X4ZW6P89%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Templado%20and%20Villanueva%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTemplado%2C%20J.%2C%20Villanueva%2C%20R.%20%282010%29.%20Checklist%20of%20Phylum%20Mollusca.%20pp.%20148-198%20In%20Coll%2C%20M.%2C%20et%20al.%2C%202010.%20The%20biodiversity%20of%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%3A%20estimates%2C%20patterns%2C%20and%20threats.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPLoS%20ONE%205%288%29%3A36pp.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Checklist%20of%20Phylum%20Mollusca.%20pp.%20148-198%20In%20Coll%2C%20M.%2C%20et%20al.%2C%202010.%20The%20biodiversity%20of%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%3A%20estimates%2C%20patterns%2C%20and%20threats%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Templado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Villanueva%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A15%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZM4RCWD3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22van%20Beneden%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221838%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3Bvan%20Beneden%2C%20P.%20%281838%29.%20Recherches%20anatomiques%20sur%20le%20Pneumodermon%20violaceum%20d%26%23x2019%3BOrbigny.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BM%26%23xFC%3Bller%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Archiv%20Anat.%2C%20.%3A%20296-304%2C%20pls%209-10.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Recherches%20anatomiques%20sur%20le%20Pneumodermon%20violaceum%20d%27Orbigny.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Beneden%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221838%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222016-04-29T13%3A29%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227EGYZ8LE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22WoRMS%20Editorial%20Board%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWoRMS%20Editorial%20Board.%20%282026%29.%20World%20Register%20of%20Marine%20Species.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BWoRMS%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22World%20Register%20of%20Marine%20Species%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22WoRMS%20Editorial%20Board%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.14284%5C%2F170%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2222WZ5MYR%22%2C%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A21%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Ballesteros, M. (2007). Lista actualizada de los opistobranquios (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) de las costas catalanas. Spira, 2(3), 163-188.
Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E., Pontes, M. (2016). Actualización del catálogo de los moluscos opistobranquios (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) de las costas catalanas. Spira, 6, 1-28.
Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E., Pontes, M. (2026). OPK - Opistobranquis. Disponible en: https://opistobranquis.info/ [Accedido 6 de marzo de 2026]
Cervera, J. L., Calado, G., Gavaia, C., Malaquías, M. A. E., Templado, J., Ballesteros, M., García-Gómez, J. C., Megina, C. (2004). An annotated and updated checklist of the opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Spain and Portugal (including islands and archipelagos). Boletín Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 20(1-4), 1-111.
D’Orbigny, A. (1834). Voyage dans l’Amérique méridionale... exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833. P. Bertrand, Paris, and Levrault, Strasbourg. Available online from Biodiversity Heritage Library [Text] [Atlas].
Gosliner, T. M., Jones, G., Beasley, L., Claassens, L., Fraser, V., Herbert, Jonker, K. et al. (2023). Southern African Sea Slugs. Southern Underwater Research Group Press.
Long, S. J. (2006). Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000. Bayside Books & Press, Tustin, CA, U.S.A. 672p.
McDonald, G. (2009). Bibliographia Nudibranchia. 2nd Online Edition, Annotated. 1072 pp  Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. Disponible en: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8115h0wz
Moro, L., Martín Esquivel, J. L., Garrido Sanahuja, M. J., Izquierdo Zamora, I. (2003). Lista de especies marinas de Canarias (algas, hongos, plantas y animales). Consejería de Política Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias.
Oskars, T. R., Bouchet, P., Malaquias, M. A. E. (2015). A new phylogeny of the Cephalaspidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia)based on expanded taxon sampling and gene markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 89 (2015) 130–150.
Pruvot-Fol, A. (1924). Étude de quelques gymnosomes méditerranéens des pêches de «l’Orvet» en 1921 et 1922. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gén. 62(6): 345-400, 32 figs, pls 15-16.
Templado, J., Villanueva, R. (2010). Checklist of Phylum Mollusca. pp. 148-198 In Coll, M., et al., 2010. The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. PLoS ONE 5(8):36pp.
van Beneden, P. (1838). Recherches anatomiques sur le Pneumodermon violaceum d’Orbigny. Müller’s Archiv Anat., .: 296-304, pls 9-10.
WoRMS Editorial Board. (2026). World Register of Marine Species. WoRMS. Disponible en: http://www.marinespecies.org
Bibliography based on the works by Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 and Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, with later updates from other resources.

Further reading

Cite this article as: