Elysia evelinae

Elysia evelinae Er. Marcus, 1957

Description
Body is short (up to 8mm long) and wide, with a rounded head and a narrow foot. Coloration varies from pale cream to brownish gray, with numerous red and opaque white spots covering the head and sometimes extending across the body. Parapodia are short, thick, and slightly undulating, with the margins densely pigmented. The pericardium is large and rounded, and unlike in some related species, it is not covered by the parapodia. Rhinophores are short, wide, and pale cream in color. The posterior end of the head is distinctly pigmented with dark brown or black. The eyes are conspicuous, black, and each is crossed by a dark longitudinal line that extends from the base of the rhinophores to the anterior edge of the parapodia. Foot is narrow (0.4–0.5 mm wide) and features well-developed pedal glands along its entire sole. Anus is located on the right side of the body, at the base of head. A distinctive black circular marking surrounds the anal papilla, a key identifying feature for this species. The foot angles are slightly pronounced. A transverse furrow is present ventrally at the level where the parapodia begin. Tail is short and conical.

Biology
Elysia evelinae inhabits shallow coastal environments. It has been found among algae in the upper littoral zone and is commonly associated with Dictyota algae. As its parapodial margins are densely pigmented, the animal is well camouflaged in this environment. This species is a specialized suctorial feeder, primarily consuming benthic chain-forming diatoms of the genus Biddulphia. It also feeds on epiphytic diatoms found on algae such as Bryopsis and Caulerpa, particularly in shaded areas. Feeding behavior involves extrusion of the pharyngeal bulb to engulf diatom cells, which are then pierced and emptied at a rate of 5–10 cells per minute. No other known Elysia species exhibits this suctorial feeding strategy. As all other sacoglossans, Elysia evelinae is a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Copulation occurs via penile insertion into the female aperture. Larval development is lecithotrophic, with veligers hatching after approximately 12 days at 20°C. Some larvae undergo metamorphosis while encapsulated, while others hatch as swimming veligers before settlement.

Etymology

• Elysia. It is a girl’s name of Latin origin, derived from the word Elysium, which in mythology is the home of the blessed, known as the “Elysian fields”. The name Elysia also means “God’s oath” in Hebrew. Frieder Sauer comments that Elysia means heavenly.
• Evelinae. Classic authors, including the Marcuses, did not explain the origins of the specific epithets they proposed. However, in this case, it is most likely a tribute to Eveline du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1901–1990), a zoologist specialising in sea slugs who was married to the author. She collaborated with Ernst Marcus on research involving various invertebrate groups, including protozoa, ctenophores, flatworms, nemerteans, annelids, tardigrades, onychophorans, bryozoans, gastropods, and pycnogonids. Initially, she was not credited as an author in their joint work to support Ernst’s full-time academic position and because she never accepted paid employment. After his death in 1968, she continued her research, publishing around 30 papers, mostly on sea slugs.

Distribution
Originally described from Brazil (Er. Marcus 1957, Garcia et al. 2008), Elysia evelinae is also found in Costa Rica (Espinosa and Ortea 2001) and Florida, USA (Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus 1960, 1967, Jensen and Clark 1983, Clark 1994). Martín-Hervás et al (2023) reported it at Cap Ferret, France (NE Atlantic) and Roses, Spain (Mediterranean Sea) and Pascal Girard found it near Marseille, France, also in the Mediterranean, so this species seems to be amphi-Atlantic, while the very similar Elysia viridis is restricted to NE Atlantic and Mediterranean.

Known georeferenced records of the species: Elysia evelinae

Sources:
OBIS GROC 2010-2011 Enric Madrenas João Pedro Silva Bernard Picton GBIF	OPK VIMAR Manuel Ballesteros M@re Nostrum Altres fonts Marine Regions

More pictures

Elysia evelinae @ Marseille, France by Pascal Girard

Bibliography

1246567 Elysia evelinae 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 46285 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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