Home Guide to Opisthobranchs Doridida Doridoidei Onchidoridoidea Cargoa impexa

Cargoa impexa

Cargoa impexa (Marcus Er., 1957)

Cargoa impexa @ Canarias by Ortea et al., (2009)

WoRMS Taxonomic Information

Current accepted name: Cargoa impexa (Er. Marcus, 1957)

Current classification

SuperdomainBiota
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumMollusca
ClassGastropoda
SubclassHeterobranchia
InfraclassEuthyneura
SubterclassRingipleura
SuperorderNudipleura
OrderDoridida
InfraorderDoridoidei
SuperfamilyOnchidoridoidea
FamilyGoniodorididae
SubfamilyGoniodoridinae
GenusCargoa
SpeciesCargoa impexa (Er. Marcus, 1957)

Classification provided by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [1723343]

Taxonomic note: Goniodorididae is a family of small dorid nudibranchs distributed worldwide that feed on entoprocts, ascidians, and bryozoans. The evolutionary relationships between its taxa have been uncertain due to the limited taxa available for phylogenetic analyses; some genera being paraphyletic. The family includes a remarkable number of synonymized genera in which the species richness is unequally distributed, some genera have dozens of species, while others are monospecific. Some clades are very uniform morphologically while others are considered highly variable. Paz Sedano et al (2024) used a target enrichment approach of ultra-conserved elements to increase backbone phylogenetic resolution on Goniodorididae, and increased species representation by including four genetic markers from 109 species out of the nearly 160 currently valid species. As a result, two subfamilies and eleven genera were elucidated, and the synonymized genera Bermudella, Cargoa, and Ceratodoris were resurrected. They also demonstrated that trophic behavior could have driven species evolution and morphological uniqueness the family.
Cargoa species share some traits: the presence of four thin, linear papillae located in front of rhinophores; one or two additional linear papillae may be present, followed by clavated papillae, with swollen tips, which become larger towards the posterior part; one dorsal papilla with the same shape as laterals; dark brown color; and a small radula with around ten rows of teeth (no more than 20). Even though there is no clear evidence of the prey preference of the species, these mollusks may feed on ctenostome bryozoans where they have been found wandering, including species of Amathia, Margaretta and Anguinella. Species of Cargoa are found on both coasts of the Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea.

Synonyms

  • Okenia impexa Marcus Er., 1957

Description
This is a species whose specimens rarely exceed 4-5 mm in length. The body is high and relatively wide. The general body color is hyaline white, sometimes with yellowish or cream tones, while internal organs can be seen by transparency inside of the body. There are numerous dark brown scores scattered throughout the body that may form, in some specimens, a big dark stain in the center of the back. The head has a slightly lobed frontal veil with 4 thin and long tentacular processes. The rhinophores are thick and have up to 8 lamellae that cover the rear and lateral areas of the rhinophore but not the front area. The edge of the dorsum has 6 papillae on each side, elongated and enlarged in a bulbous shape near the apex. The last two papillae on each side grow from a common base. There is also an odd papilla in the center of the back, just in front of the gill. The papillae are coloured in a lighter shade than the body. Gill consists of three unipinnate leaves surrounding the anal papilla. The foot is wide and pointed on the rear side and the mouth and has two rounded bumps on each side.

Biology
This rare species has been cited on algae of the genus Halimeda and other coralline algae (Schmekel, 1979), on masses of floating algae in the Atlantic and on the bryozoan Margaretta cereoides, that could be its prey (Ortea et al. 2009). The spawn consists on a bean-shaped mass of 3 mm in length, containing about 500 white eggs (Eyster, 1980).

Etymology

  • Cargoa. In honor of David G. Cargo, a colleague of Drs. Vogel & Schultz from the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons Maryland, USA.
  • Impexa. From Latin “impexus”, uncombed.

Distribution
Cargoa impexa is an amfiatlantic species because since its description by Ernst Marcus in 1957 for Brazilian waters, it has been observed in North Carolina, in Cuba, Puerto Rico and Cape Verde (Valdes & Ortea, 1995), also in the Canary Islands (Ortea et al. 2009). Records from the Mediterranean Sea (Schmekel, 1979) and others, probably refer to the recently described Cargoa problematica (Pola et al., 2019).

Known georeferenced records of the species: Cargoa impexa
Sources:
OBIS
GROC 2010-2011
Enric Madrenas
João Pedro Silva
Bernard Picton
GBIF
OPK
VIMAR
Manuel Ballesteros
M@re Nostrum
Altres fonts
Marine Regions

Abundance

Western Mediterranean: ★☆☆☆☆
Eastern Mediterranean: ☆☆☆☆☆
Atlantic Ocean: ★★☆☆☆
Month

This chart displays the monthly observation probability for Cargoa impexa based on our own records.

More pictures

    We have no (more) pictures for Cargoa impexa

Bibliography

    1246567 Cargoa impexa 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 1152 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
    %7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%222C3VPFXV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Abbott%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221974%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAbbott%2C%20R.%20T.%20%281974%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAmerican%20seashells.%20The%20marine%20mollusca%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20and%20Pacific%20coast%20of%20North%20America%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Van%20Nostrand%2C%20New%20York.%20663%20pp.%2C%2024%20pls.%20%5BOctober%201974%5D.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22American%20seashells.%20The%20marine%20mollusca%20of%20the%20Atlantic%20and%20Pacific%20coast%20of%20North%20America%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Abbott%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221974%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22US4WQRA3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ballesteros%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBallesteros%2C%20M.%2C%20Madrenas%2C%20E.%2C%20Pontes%2C%20M.%20%282026%29.%20OPK%20-%20Opistobranquis.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopistobranquis.info%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopistobranquis.info%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%5BAccedido%206%20de%20marzo%20de%202026%5D%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22OPK%20-%20Opistobranquis%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madrenas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pontes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20website%20about%20the%20Mediterranean%20and%20Iberian%20opisthobranch%20species%2C%20including%20those%20from%20Eastern%20Atlantic%20shores%20and%20archipielagos.%20With%20detailed%20descriptions%2C%20pictures%2C%20videos%2C%20bibliography%20and%20links%20to%20other%20relevant%20websites.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopistobranquis.info%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2222WZ5MYR%22%2C%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-03-08T18%3A41%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HM8AG4CQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cervera%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCervera%2C%20J.%20L.%2C%20Calado%2C%20G.%2C%20Gavaia%2C%20C.%2C%20Malaqu%26%23xED%3Bas%2C%20M.%20A.%20E.%2C%20Templado%2C%20J.%2C%20Ballesteros%2C%20M.%2C%20Garc%26%23xED%3Ba-G%26%23xF3%3Bmez%2C%20J.%20C.%2C%20Megina%2C%20C.%20%282004%29.%20An%20annotated%20and%20updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20Spain%20and%20Portugal%20%28including%20islands%20and%20archipelagos%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBolet%26%23xED%3Bn%20Instituto%20Espa%26%23xF1%3Bol%20de%20Oceanograf%26%23xED%3Ba%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281-4%29%2C%201-111.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20annotated%20and%20updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20Spain%20and%20Portugal%20%28including%20islands%20and%20archipelagos%29.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cervera%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Calado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gavaia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.A.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malaqu%5Cu00edas%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Templado%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ballesteros%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garc%5Cu00eda-G%5Cu00f3mez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Megina%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20present%20publication%20is%20a%20new%20annotated%20and%20updated%20checklist%20of%20the%20opisthobranchs%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20the%20Spanish%20and%20Portuguese%20coasts%2C%20including%20their%20Atlantic%20archipelagos%20%28Azores%2C%20Madeira%2C%20Selvagens%20and%20Canary%20Islands%29.%20The%20bathyal%20species%20recorded%20from%20the%20continental%20shelf%20of%20all%20these%20areas%20are%20also%20included.%20Incorporating%20a%20review%20of%20the%20literature%2C%20523%20species%20are%20included%20on%20the%20present%20checklist%2C%2023%20belonging%20to%20Architectibranchia%2C%20111%20to%20Cephalaspidea%20s.%20s.%2C%2014%20to%20Anaspidea%2C%204%20to%20Acochlidiomorpha%2C%2037%20to%20Thecosomata%2C%207%20to%20Gymnosomata%2C%2043%20to%20Sacoglossa%2C%203%20to%20Umbraculoidea%2C%2016%20to%20Pleurobranchoidea%20and%20265%20to%20Nudibranchia%3A%20127%20Doridoidea%2C%2042%20Dendronotoidea%2C%209%20Arminoidea%2C%20and%2087%20Aeolidoidea.%20The%20records%20these%20species%20have%20been%20divided%20into%2012%20geographic%20sectors%3A%201%29%20Spanish%20coast%20on%20the%20Bay%20of%20Biscay%3B%202%29%20Galicia%3B%203%29%20mainland%20coast%20of%20Portugal%3B%204%29%20Andalusian%20Atlantic%20coast%3B%205%29%20Straits%20of%20Gibraltar%2C%20including%20Ceuta%20%28northern%20Africa%29%3B%206%29%20Andalusian%20Mediterranean%20coast%2C%20including%20Albor%5Cu00e1n%20Island%3B%207%29%20Spanish%20Levant%2C%20from%20Cape%20Gata%20to%20Catalonia%3B%208%29%20Catalonia%2C%20including%20the%20Columbretes%20Islands%3B%209%29%20Balearic%20Islands%3B%2010%29%20Canary%20and%20Selvagens%20Islands%3B%2011%29%20Madeira%3B%20and%2012%29%20the%20Azores.%20The%20biogeographical%20relationships%20among%20these%20selected%20areas%20are%20discussed%20in%20the%20present%20paper%5Cu2019s%20Conclusions.%20Taxonomic%20comments%20about%20many%20of%20the%20taxa%20cited%20are%20also%20included.%20It%20is%20noteworthy%20that%20since%201975%2C%20a%20total%20of%20117%20specific%20taxa%20have%20been%20described%20as%20new%20to%20science%20in%20the%20studied%20area.%20Some%20of%20them%20are%20currently%20considered%20synonyms%2C%20and%20others%20are%20pending%20an%20adequate%20revision.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A14%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R4HZBGE7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Edmunds%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BEdmunds%2C%20M.%20%282009%29.%20Opisthobranchiate%20Mollusca%20from%20Ghana%3A%20Goniodorididae.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Conchology%2040%281%29%3A%2037-54.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Opisthobranchiate%20Mollusca%20from%20Ghana%3A%20Goniodorididae%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edmunds%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ADMUXV49%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Edmunds%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221977%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BEdmunds%2C%20M.%20%281977%29.%20Larval%20development%2C%20oceanic%20currents%2C%20and%20origins%20of%20the%20Opisthobranch%20fauna%20of%20Ghana.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Molluscan%20studies%2043%3A301-308.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Larval%20development%2C%20oceanic%20currents%2C%20and%20origins%20of%20the%20Opisthobranch%20fauna%20of%20Ghana.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edmunds%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221977%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2254MVI7BQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Edmunds%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221968%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BEdmunds%2C%20M.%20%281968%29.%20Acid%20secretion%20in%20some%20species%20of%20Doridacea%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Nudibranchia%29.%20Proceedings%20of%20the%20Malacological%20Society%20of%20London%2038%3A121-133%3B%20tbls.%201-3%3B%20figs.%201-4.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Acid%20secretion%20in%20some%20species%20of%20Doridacea%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Nudibranchia%29.%20Proceedings%20of%20the%20Malacological%20Society%20of%20London%2038%3A121-133%3B%20tbls.%201-3%3B%20figs.%201-4.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edmunds%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221968%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T6VCU48F%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Edmunds%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221991%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BEdmunds%2C%20M.%20%281991%29.%20Does%20warning%20coloration%20occur%20in%20nudibranchs.%20Malacologia%2032%282%29%3A241-255.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Does%20warning%20coloration%20occur%20in%20nudibranchs.%20Malacologia%2032%282%29%3A241-255.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edmunds%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221991%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-09T09%3A18%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NSU9SGQ4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Eyster%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221980%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BEyster%2C%20L.%20S.%20%281980%29.%20Distribution%20and%20reproduction%20of%20shell-less%20opisthobranchs%20from%20South%20Carolina.%20Bull.%20Mar.%20Sci.%2030%283%29%3A580-599.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Distribution%20and%20reproduction%20of%20shell-less%20opisthobranchs%20from%20South%20Carolina.%20Bull.%20Mar.%20Sci.%2030%283%29%3A580-599.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eyster%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221980%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZH723MR3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Garcia%20and%20Bertsch%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGarcia%2C%20F.%20J.%2C%20Bertsch%2C%20H.%20%282009%29.%20Diversity%20and%20distribution%20of%20the%20Gastropoda%20Opisthobranchia%20from%20the%20Atlantic%20Ocean%3A%20A%20global%20biogeographic%20approach.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BScientia%20Marina%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B73%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%20153-160.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3989%5C%2Fscimar.2009.73n1153%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3989%5C%2Fscimar.2009.73n1153%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Diversity%20and%20distribution%20of%20the%20Gastropoda%20Opisthobranchia%20from%20the%20Atlantic%20Ocean%3A%20A%20global%20biogeographic%20approach%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Francisco%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Garcia%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hans%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertsch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20zoogeographic%20Study%20of%20the%20Opisthobranchia%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Gastropoda%29%20from%20the%20Atlantic%20Ocean%20was%20carried%20Out.%20Data%20on%20Opisthobranch%20Occurrence%20were%20collated%20from%20literature%20records%20and%20databases.%20An%20estimated%201066%20species%20were%20considered%20for%20this%20Study%2C%20which%20belonged%20to%20the%20orders%20Cephalaspidea%2C%20Anaspidea%2C%20Sacoglossa%2C%20Notaspidea%20and%20Nudi-branchia.%20Biogeographical%20patterns%20were%20analysed%20using%20Cluster%20analysis%20%28TWINSPAN%29%20and%20ordination%20MDS%20%28non-metric%20multidimensional%20scaling%20program%29.%20The%20richness%20of%20opisthobranchs%20increases%20from%20polar%20to%20tropical%20regions%20along%20Atlantic%20shores.%20The%20cluster%20analysis%20showed%20that%20there%20is%20a%20latitudinal%20and%20longitudinal%20separation%20of%20the%20biogeographical%20areas.%20The%20amphiatlantic%20species%20can%20be%20separated%20into%20four%20groups%20according%20to%20their%20distribution%3A%20G1.1.-%20the%20geographic%20range%20of%20species%20is%20limited%20to%20cold%20water%20on%20both%20sides%20of%20the%20Atlantic%3B%20G1.2.-%20species%20with%20geographic%20ranges%20limited%20to%20the%20western%20Arctic%20and%20Boreal%20regions%20with%20a%20wide%20distribution%20in%20the%20eastern%20Atlantic%2C%20front%20the%20eastern%20Arctic%20or%20the%20eastern%20Boreal%20region%20to%20the%20Lusitanian%20and%20Mediterranean%20provinces%3B%20G2.1.-%20species%20with%20geographic%20ranges%2C%20limited%20to%20the%20Caribbean%20and%20Mauritanian-Senegalese%20areas%3B%20G2.2.-%20species%20with%20a%20wide%20geographical%20distribution%20along%20both%20Atlantic%20shores.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3989%5C%2Fscimar.2009.73n1153%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%3CGo%20to%20ISI%3E%3A%5C%2F%5C%2FWOS%3A000264276900013%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220214-8358%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-05-14T13%3A00%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223VWGKIQP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Long%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLong%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282006%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBibliography%20of%20Opisthobranchia%201554-2000.%20Bayside%20Books%20%26amp%3B%20Press%2C%20Tustin%2C%20CA%2C%20U.S.A.%20672p.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bibliography%20of%20Opisthobranchia%201554-2000.%20Bayside%20Books%20%26%20Press%2C%20Tustin%2C%20CA%2C%20U.S.A.%20672p.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Long%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A15%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QK4U7HHI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Marcus%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221977%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMarcus%2C%20E.%20d.%20B.%20R.%20%281977%29.%20An%20annotated%20checklist%20of%20the%20western%20Atlantic%20warm%20water%20opisthobranchs.%20J.%20Molluscan%20Stud.%2C%20Suppl%204%3A1-23.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22An%20annotated%20checklist%20of%20the%20western%20Atlantic%20warm%20water%20opisthobranchs.%20J.%20Molluscan%20Stud.%2C%20Suppl%204%3A1-23.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.d.B.R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marcus%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221977%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XANSUJ3I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Marcus%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221957%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMarcus%2C%20Er.%20%281957%29.%20On%20opisthobranchia%20from%20Brazil%202.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20the%20Linnean%20Society%20of%20London%20%28Zoology%29%2043%28292%29%3A%20390-486%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1096-3642.1957.tb01559.x%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1096-3642.1957.tb01559.x%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On%20opisthobranchia%20from%20Brazil%202%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Er.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marcus%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221957%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1096-3642.1957.tb01559.x%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-21T09%3A03%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UHGDU82B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Marcus%20and%20Marcus%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221964%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMarcus%2C%20E.%20d.%20B.%20R.%2C%20Marcus%2C%20E.%20G.%20%281964%29.%20Verzeichnis%20der%20euthyneuren%20Meeresschneken%20Brasiliens.%20Beitrage%20zur%20Neotropischen%20Fauna%203%283%29%3A195-206.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Verzeichnis%20der%20euthyneuren%20Meeresschneken%20Brasiliens.%20Beitrage%20zur%20Neotropischen%20Fauna%203%283%29%3A195-206.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.d.B.R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marcus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marcus%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221964%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22X2U2J59P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Marcus%20and%20Marcus%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221967%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMarcus%2C%20E.%20d.%20B.%20R.%2C%20Marcus%2C%20E.%20G.%20%281967%29.%20Some%20opisthobranchs%20from%20Sapelo%20Island%2C%20Georgia%2C%20U.S.A.%20Malacologia%206%281-2%29%3A199-222.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Some%20opisthobranchs%20from%20Sapelo%20Island%2C%20Georgia%2C%20U.S.A.%20Malacologia%206%281-2%29%3A199-222.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.d.B.R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marcus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marcus%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221967%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UMJGMN5M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Marcus%20and%20Marcus%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221970%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMarcus%2C%20Er.%2C%20Marcus%2C%20Ev.%20%281970%29.%20Opisthobranchs%20from%20Cura%26%23xE7%3Bao%20and%20faunistically%20related%20regions.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BStudies%20on%20the%20fauna%20of%20Cura%26%23xE7%3Bao%20and%20other%20Caribbean%20Islands%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B33%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%28122%29%2C%201-129.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Opisthobranchs%20from%20Cura%5Cu00e7ao%20and%20faunistically%20related%20regions.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Er.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marcus%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ev.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marcus%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221970%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-04T14%3A09%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225MFDPG8V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McDonald%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMcDonald%2C%20G.%20%282009%29.%20Bibliographia%20Nudibranchia.%202nd%20Online%20Edition%2C%20Annotated.%201072%20pp%26%23xA0%3B%20Institute%20of%20Marine%20Sciences%2C%20University%20of%20California%2C%20Santa%20Cruz.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fescholarship.org%5C%2Fuc%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F8115h0wz%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fescholarship.org%5C%2Fuc%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F8115h0wz%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bibliographia%20Nudibranchia.%202nd%20Online%20Edition%2C%20Annotated.%201072%20pp%20%20Institute%20of%20Marine%20Sciences%2C%20University%20of%20California%2C%20Santa%20Cruz%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McDonald%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fescholarship.org%5C%2Fuc%5C%2Fitem%5C%2F8115h0wz%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A15%3A07Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22H7JJBE5F%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ortea%20and%20Espinosa%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222000%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BOrtea%2C%20J.%20A.%2C%20Espinosa%2C%20J.%20%282000%29.%20Nueva%20especie%20del%20g%26%23xE9%3Bnero%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Nudibranchia%29%20de%20Cuba.%20Avicennia%2C%20Revista%20de%20Oceanolog%26%23xED%3Ba%2C%20Ecolog%26%23xED%3Ba%20y%20Biodiversidad%20Tropical%2012-13%3A84-86.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Nueva%20especie%20del%20g%5Cu00e9nero%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Nudibranchia%29%20de%20Cuba.%20Avicennia%2C%20Revista%20de%20Oceanolog%5Cu00eda%2C%20Ecolog%5Cu00eda%20y%20Biodiversidad%20Tropical%2012-13%3A84-86.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ortea%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Espinosa%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222000%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-06T14%3A49%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N4N98Q2U%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ortea%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BOrtea%2C%20J.%2C%20Moro%2C%20L.%2C%20Espinosa%2C%20J.%20%282009%29.%20El%20g%26%23xE9%3Bnero%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Nudibranchia%29%20en%20las%20islas%20Canarias%20con%20notas%20sobre%20Okenia%20zoobotryon%20%28Smallwood%2C%201910%29%20una%20especie%20en%20controversia%20permanente.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVieraea%2037%3A%2075-83.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22El%20g%5Cu00e9nero%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Nudibranchia%29%20en%20las%20islas%20Canarias%20con%20notas%20sobre%20Okenia%20zoobotryon%20%28Smallwood%2C%201910%29%20una%20especie%20en%20controversia%20permanente%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ortea%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Espinosa%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-06T21%3A23%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KUP2IXK5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Pola%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPola%2C%20M.%2C%20Paz-Sedano%2C%20S.%2C%20Macali%2C%20A.%2C%20Minchin%2C%20D.%2C%20Marchini%2C%20A.%2C%20Vitale%2C%20F.%2C%20Licchelli%2C%20C.%2C%20Crocetta%2C%20F.%20%282019%29.%20What%20is%20really%20out%20there%3F%20Review%20of%20the%20genus%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20%28Nudibranchia%3A%20Goniodorididae%29%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20with%20description%20of%20two%20new%20species.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPLoS%20ONE%2014%285%29%3A%20e0215037%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0215037%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2Fhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0215037%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22What%20is%20really%20out%20there%3F%20Review%20of%20the%20genus%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20%28Nudibranchia%3A%20Goniodorididae%29%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20with%20description%20of%20two%20new%20species%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pola%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paz-Sedano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Macali%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Minchin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marchini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vitale%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Licchelli%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crocetta%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20precise%20number%20of%20Okenia%20taxa%20inhabiting%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%2C%20as%20well%20as%20their%20general%20taxonomy%2C%20varies%20according%20to%20different%20specialists.%20So%20far%2C%20eight%20valid%20species%20have%20been%20reported%20from%20the%20area%3A%20Okenia%20aspersa%20%28Alder%20%26amp%3B%20Hancock%2C%201845%29%2C%20Okenia%20cupella%20%28Vogel%20%26amp%3B%20Schultz%2C%201970%29%2C%20Okenia%20elegans%20%28Leuckart%2C%201828%29%2C%20Okenia%20hispanica%20Valde%5Cu00b4s%20%26amp%3B%20Ortea%2C%201995%2C%20Okenia%20impexa%20Er.%20Marcus%2C%201957%2C%20Okenia%20leachii%20%28Alder%20%26amp%3B%20Hancock%2C%201854%29%2C%20Okenia%20mediterranea%20%28Ihering%2C%201886%29%2C%20and%20Okenia%20zoobotryon%20%28Smallwood%2C%201910%29.%20Of%20these%2C%20only%20three%20%28O.%20elegans%2C%20O.%20hispanica%2C%20and%20O.%20mediterranea%29%20have%20their%20type%20localities%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%2C%20whereas%20the%20others%20were%20described%20from%20different%20biogeographic%20areas%20and%20later%20included%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20biota.%20We%20carried%20out%20a%20review%20on%20Mediterranean%20Okenia%20species%20through%20an%20integrative%20approach%2C%20based%20on%20a%20wide%20literature%20search%20and%20a%20morphological%20and%20molecular%20analysis%20of%20available%20type%20material%20and%20samples%20collected%20recently.%20The%20present%20study%20confirmed%20the%20presence%20of%20O.%20aspersa%2C%20O.%20elegans%2C%20O.%20hispanica%2C%20and%20O.%20mediterranea%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%2C%20although%20leaving%20remaining%20questions%20about%20some%20of%20those%20taxa.%20The%20distribution%20of%20O.%20cupella%2C%20O.%20impexa%2C%20and%20O.%20zoobotryon%20is%20limited%20to%20the%20western%20Atlantic%2C%20and%20of%20O.%20leachii%20to%20the%20eastern%20Atlantic.%20All%20specimens%20previously%20identified%20as%20O.%20cupella%2C%20O.%20impexa%2C%20and%20O.%20zoobotryon%20by%20different%20authors%20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20Sea%20were%20repeatedly%20misidentified.%20Thus%2C%20we%20describe%20Okenia%20problematica%20sp.%20nov.%20and%20Okenia%20longiductis%20sp.%20nov.%2C%20from%20the%20%5Cu201cMediterranean%5Cu201d%20Okenia%20cupella%5C%2Fimpexa%20and%20O.%20zoobotryon.%20We%20also%20consider%20here%20Okenia%20pusilla%20Sordi%2C%201974%20a%20nomen%20dubium%20and%20include%20a%20redescription%20of%20the%20holotype%20of%20O.%20cupella.%20A%20molecular%20phylogeny%2C%20including%20all%20the%20sequenced%20Okenia%20species%2C%20was%20performed%20in%20order%20to%20evaluate%20the%20evolutionary%20relationships%20of%20the%20newly%20described%20species%20with%20the%20other%20congeneric%20taxa.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1371%5C%2Fjournal.pone.0215037%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-06T21%3A23%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GFD6E4XB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Porter%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221974%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPorter%2C%20H.%20J.%20%281974%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20North%20Carolina%20marine%20and%20estuarine%20Mollusca%20-%20an%20atlas%20of%20occurrence.%20North%20Carolina%2C%20Institute%20of%20Marine%20Sciences%2C%20vi%20%2B%20351%20pp.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20North%20Carolina%20marine%20and%20estuarine%20Mollusca%20-%20an%20atlas%20of%20occurrence.%20North%20Carolina%2C%20Institute%20of%20Marine%20Sciences%2C%20vi%20%2B%20351%20pp.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Porter%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221974%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223WZRCBP9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rios%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221975%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRios%2C%20E.%20C.%20%281975%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBrazilian%20marine%20mollusks%20iconography%2C%20331%20pp%2C%2091%20pls.%20Fundacao%20Universidade%20do%20Rio%20Grande%2C%20Centro%20de%20Ciencias%20do%20Mar%2C%20Museu%20Oceanografico.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Brazilian%20marine%20mollusks%20iconography%2C%20331%20pp%2C%2091%20pls.%20Fundacao%20Universidade%20do%20Rio%20Grande%2C%20Centro%20de%20Ciencias%20do%20Mar%2C%20Museu%20Oceanografico.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rios%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221975%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QMICPTMI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rol%5Cu00e1n%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRol%26%23xE1%3Bn%2C%20E.%20%282005%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMalacological%20Fauna%20From%20The%20Cape%20Verde%20Archipelago.%20Part%201%2C%20Polyplacophora%20and%20Gastropoda%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20ConchBooks%2C%20Frankfurt%2C%20Germany.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Malacological%20Fauna%20From%20The%20Cape%20Verde%20Archipelago.%20Part%201%2C%20Polyplacophora%20and%20Gastropoda%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rol%5Cu00e1n%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-12-15T21%3A59%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22NCBCR4UB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rudman%20W.B.%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221998%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRudman%20W.B.%20et%20al.%20%281998%29.%20Okenia%20impexa%20accessed%20through%3A%20Sea%20Slug%20Forum%20on%202014-12-14.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fseaslugforum.net%5C%2Fshowall%5C%2Fokenimpe%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fseaslugforum.net%5C%2Fshowall%5C%2Fokenimpe%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Okenia%20impexa%20accessed%20through%3A%20Sea%20Slug%20Forum%20on%202014-12-14%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Rudman%20W.B.%20et%20al.%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221998-2010%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fseaslugforum.net%5C%2Fshowall%5C%2Fokenimpe%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22THJJ95TB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sales%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSales%2C%20L.%2C%20Queiroz%2C%20V.%2C%20Migotto%2C%20A.%20E.%20%282016%29.%20Rediscovery%20of%20Okenia%20impexa%20Marcus%201957%20on%20the%20Brazilian%20coast%3A%20the%20first%20image%20of%20a%20living%20specimen%20from%20Brazil%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Nudibranchia%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSpixiana%2C%2039%282%29%3A%20203-204%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Rediscovery%20of%20Okenia%20impexa%20Marcus%201957%20on%20the%20Brazilian%20coast%3A%20the%20first%20image%20of%20a%20living%20specimen%20from%20Brazil%20%28Mollusca%2C%20Nudibranchia%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sales%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Queiroz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Migotto%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2284J5Z3WM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Shoemaker%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221978%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BShoemaker%2C%20A.%20H.%2C%20Porter%2C%20H.%20J.%2C%20Boothe%2C%20B.%2C%20Petit%2C%20R.%20E.%2C%20Eyster%2C%20L.%20S.%20%281978%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMarine%20mollusks%3B%20pp.%20123-135%2C%20In%3A%20An%20annotated%20checklist%20of%20the%20biota%20of%20the%20coastal%20zone%20of%20South%20Carolina%2C%20364%20pp.%20University%20of%20South%20Carolina%20Press.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Marine%20mollusks%3B%20pp.%20123-135%2C%20In%3A%20An%20annotated%20checklist%20of%20the%20biota%20of%20the%20coastal%20zone%20of%20South%20Carolina%2C%20364%20pp.%20University%20of%20South%20Carolina%20Press.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shoemaker%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Porter%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boothe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Petit%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Eyster%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221978%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JGG54293%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tunnell%20Jr%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTunnell%20Jr%2C%20F.%20J.%20W.%2C%20Dokken%2C%20Q.%20R.%2C%20Smith%2C%20E.%20H.%2C%20Withers%2C%20K.%20%281996%29.%20Current%20status%20and%20historical%20trends%20of%20the%20estuarine%20living%20resources%20within%20the%20Corpus%20Christi%20Bay%20National%20Estuary%20Program%20study%20area.%20Texas%20Natural%20Resource%20Conservation%20Commission%2C%20vol.%201%2C%20xxxvi%20%2B%20404%20pp.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Current%20status%20and%20historical%20trends%20of%20the%20estuarine%20living%20resources%20within%20the%20Corpus%20Christi%20Bay%20National%20Estuary%20Program%20study%20area.%20Texas%20Natural%20Resource%20Conservation%20Commission%2C%20vol.%201%2C%20xxxvi%20%2B%20404%20pp.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20J.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tunnell%20Jr%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Q.R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dokken%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Withers%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DG2MKIEJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Turgeon%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221998%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTurgeon%2C%20D.%2C%20Quinn%2C%20J.%20F.%2C%20Bogan%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Coan%2C%20E.%20V.%2C%20Hochberg%2C%20F.%20G.%2C%20Lyons%2C%20W.%20G.%2C%20Mikkelsen%2C%20P.%20M.%20et%26%23xA0%3Bal.%20%281998%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCommon%20and%20scientific%20names%20of%20aquatic%20invertebrates%20from%20the%20United%20States%20and%20Canada%3A%20mollusks.%202nd%20ed.%20American%20Fisheries%20Society%20Special%20Publication%2C%2026%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Common%20and%20scientific%20names%20of%20aquatic%20invertebrates%20from%20the%20United%20States%20and%20Canada%3A%20mollusks.%202nd%20ed.%20American%20Fisheries%20Society%20Special%20Publication%2C%2026%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Turgeon%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Quinn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bogan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22E.%20V.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Coan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hochberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lyons%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mikkelsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neves%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%20F.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roper%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rosenberg%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scheltema%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22F.%20G.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Thompson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vecchione%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Williams%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221998%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-06T21%3A23%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VTTD39XK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vald%5Cu00e9s%20and%20Ortea%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221995%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVald%26%23xE9%3Bs%2C%20%26%23xC1%3B.%2C%20Ortea%2C%20J.%20%281995%29.%20Revised%20taxonomy%20of%20some%20species%20of%20the%20genus%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Nudibranchia%29%20from%20the%20Atlantic%20Ocean%2C%20with%20the%20description%20of%20a%20new%20species.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Veliger%2C%2038%283%29%3A%20223-234%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Revised%20taxonomy%20of%20some%20species%20of%20the%20genus%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%201830%20%28Mollusca%3A%20Nudibranchia%29%20from%20the%20Atlantic%20Ocean%2C%20with%20the%20description%20of%20a%20new%20species%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%5Cu00c1%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vald%5Cu00e9s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ortea%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221995%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-06T21%3A23%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PWDH6UC4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vald%5Cu00e9s%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVald%26%23xE9%3Bs%2C%20A.%2C%20Hamann%2C%20J.%2C%20Behrens%2C%20D.%20W.%2C%20DuPont%2C%20A.%20%282006%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCaribbean%20sea%20slugs%3A%20a%20field%20guide%20to%20the%20opisthobranch%20mollusks%20from%20the%20tropical%20northwestern%20Atlantic%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Washington%3A%20Sea%20Challengers%20Natural%20History%20Books.%20289%20pp.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Caribbean%20sea%20slugs%3A%20a%20field%20guide%20to%20the%20opisthobranch%20mollusks%20from%20the%20tropical%20northwestern%20Atlantic%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vald%5Cu00e9s%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hamann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Behrens%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22DuPont%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-06T21%3A23%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P33FMA8H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vogel%20and%20Schultz%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221970%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVogel%2C%20R.%20M.%2C%20Schultz%2C%20L.%20P.%20%281970%29.%20Cargoa%20cupella%2C%20new%20genus%20and%20new%20species%20of%20nudibranch%20from%20Chesapeake%20Bay%20and%20the%20generic%20status%20of%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%20Idalia%20Leuckart%20and%20Idalla%20%26%23xD6%3Brsted.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Veliger%2C%2012%3A%20388-393.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cargoa%20cupella%2C%20new%20genus%20and%20new%20species%20of%20nudibranch%20from%20Chesapeake%20Bay%20and%20the%20generic%20status%20of%20Okenia%20Menke%2C%20Idalia%20Leuckart%20and%20Idalla%20%5Cu00d6rsted%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vogel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22L.%20P.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schultz%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221970%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222016-04-29T13%3A19%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222J2FGD4Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22W%5Cu00e4gele%20and%20Willan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222000%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BW%26%23xE4%3Bgele%2C%20H.%2C%20Willan%2C%20R.%20C.%20%282000%29.%20Phylogeny%20of%20the%20Nudibranchia.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BZoological%20Journal%20of%20the%20Linnean%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B130%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%281%29%2C%2083-181.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1096-3642.2000.tb02196.x%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1096-3642.2000.tb02196.x%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Phylogeny%20of%20the%20Nudibranchia%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22W%5Cu00e4gele%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22R.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Willan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222000%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1096-3642.2000.tb02196.x%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SF25NA9P%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wells%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221961%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWells%2C%20H.%20W.%20%281961%29.%20The%20fauna%20of%20oyster%20beds%2C%20with%20special%20reference%20to%20the%20salinity%20factor.%20Ecological%20Monographs%2031%283%29%3A239-%20266.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20fauna%20of%20oyster%20beds%2C%20with%20special%20reference%20to%20the%20salinity%20factor.%20Ecological%20Monographs%2031%283%29%3A239-%20266.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wells%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221961%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22B4SR326K%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wolfe%20and%20Wolfe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221970%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWolfe%2C%20D.%2C%20Wolfe%2C%20W.%20%281970%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMolluscs%20of%20North%20Carolina%2C%20a%20check-list%20of%20marine%20and%20brackish%20species%20with%20notes%20on%20geographic%20and%20ecological%20distribution%2C%2069%20pp.%20Regional%20Marine%20Science%20Project%2C%20Carteret%20County%20Public%20Schools.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Molluscs%20of%20North%20Carolina%2C%20a%20check-list%20of%20marine%20and%20brackish%20species%20with%20notes%20on%20geographic%20and%20ecological%20distribution%2C%2069%20pp.%20Regional%20Marine%20Science%20Project%2C%20Carteret%20County%20Public%20Schools.%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wolfe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wolfe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221970%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222025-03-02T16%3A30%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227EGYZ8LE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1246567%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22WoRMS%20Editorial%20Board%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWoRMS%20Editorial%20Board.%20%282026%29.%20World%20Register%20of%20Marine%20Species.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BWoRMS%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Disponible%20en%3A%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20target%3D%26%23039%3B_blank%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22World%20Register%20of%20Marine%20Species%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22WoRMS%20Editorial%20Board%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222026%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.14284%5C%2F170%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.marinespecies.org%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%2222WZ5MYR%22%2C%2282T5E3QX%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222026-07-11T14%3A21%3A50Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
    Abbott, R. T. (1974). American seashells. The marine mollusca of the Atlantic and Pacific coast of North America. Van Nostrand, New York. 663 pp., 24 pls. [October 1974].
    Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E., Pontes, M. (2026). OPK - Opistobranquis. Disponible en: https://opistobranquis.info/ [Accedido 6 de marzo de 2026]
    Cervera, J. L., Calado, G., Gavaia, C., Malaquías, M. A. E., Templado, J., Ballesteros, M., García-Gómez, J. C., Megina, C. (2004). An annotated and updated checklist of the opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Spain and Portugal (including islands and archipelagos). Boletín Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 20(1-4), 1-111.
    Edmunds, M. (2009). Opisthobranchiate Mollusca from Ghana: Goniodorididae. Journal of Conchology 40(1): 37-54.
    Edmunds, M. (1977). Larval development, oceanic currents, and origins of the Opisthobranch fauna of Ghana. Journal of Molluscan studies 43:301-308.
    Edmunds, M. (1968). Acid secretion in some species of Doridacea (Mollusca, Nudibranchia). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 38:121-133; tbls. 1-3; figs. 1-4.
    Edmunds, M. (1991). Does warning coloration occur in nudibranchs. Malacologia 32(2):241-255.
    Eyster, L. S. (1980). Distribution and reproduction of shell-less opisthobranchs from South Carolina. Bull. Mar. Sci. 30(3):580-599.
    Garcia, F. J., Bertsch, H. (2009). Diversity and distribution of the Gastropoda Opisthobranchia from the Atlantic Ocean: A global biogeographic approach. Scientia Marina, 73(1), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73n1153
    Long, S. J. (2006). Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000. Bayside Books & Press, Tustin, CA, U.S.A. 672p.
    Marcus, E. d. B. R. (1977). An annotated checklist of the western Atlantic warm water opisthobranchs. J. Molluscan Stud., Suppl 4:1-23.
    Marcus, Er. (1957). On opisthobranchia from Brazil 2. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology) 43(292): 390-486. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1957.tb01559.x
    Marcus, E. d. B. R., Marcus, E. G. (1964). Verzeichnis der euthyneuren Meeresschneken Brasiliens. Beitrage zur Neotropischen Fauna 3(3):195-206.
    Marcus, E. d. B. R., Marcus, E. G. (1967). Some opisthobranchs from Sapelo Island, Georgia, U.S.A. Malacologia 6(1-2):199-222.
    Marcus, Er., Marcus, Ev. (1970). Opisthobranchs from Curaçao and faunistically related regions. Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, 33(122), 1-129.
    McDonald, G. (2009). Bibliographia Nudibranchia. 2nd Online Edition, Annotated. 1072 pp  Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. Disponible en: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8115h0wz
    Ortea, J. A., Espinosa, J. (2000). Nueva especie del género Okenia Menke, 1830 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) de Cuba. Avicennia, Revista de Oceanología, Ecología y Biodiversidad Tropical 12-13:84-86.
    Ortea, J., Moro, L., Espinosa, J. (2009). El género Okenia Menke, 1830 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) en las islas Canarias con notas sobre Okenia zoobotryon (Smallwood, 1910) una especie en controversia permanente. Vieraea 37: 75-83.
    Pola, M., Paz-Sedano, S., Macali, A., Minchin, D., Marchini, A., Vitale, F., Licchelli, C., Crocetta, F. (2019). What is really out there? Review of the genus Okenia Menke, 1830 (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) in the Mediterranean Sea with description of two new species. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0215037. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215037
    Porter, H. J. (1974). The North Carolina marine and estuarine Mollusca - an atlas of occurrence. North Carolina, Institute of Marine Sciences, vi + 351 pp.
    Rios, E. C. (1975). Brazilian marine mollusks iconography, 331 pp, 91 pls. Fundacao Universidade do Rio Grande, Centro de Ciencias do Mar, Museu Oceanografico.
    Rolán, E. (2005). Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda. ConchBooks, Frankfurt, Germany.
    Rudman W.B. et al. (1998). Okenia impexa accessed through: Sea Slug Forum on 2014-12-14. Disponible en: http://seaslugforum.net/showall/okenimpe
    Sales, L., Queiroz, V., Migotto, A. E. (2016). Rediscovery of Okenia impexa Marcus 1957 on the Brazilian coast: the first image of a living specimen from Brazil (Mollusca, Nudibranchia). Spixiana, 39(2): 203-204.
    Shoemaker, A. H., Porter, H. J., Boothe, B., Petit, R. E., Eyster, L. S. (1978). Marine mollusks; pp. 123-135, In: An annotated checklist of the biota of the coastal zone of South Carolina, 364 pp. University of South Carolina Press.
    Tunnell Jr, F. J. W., Dokken, Q. R., Smith, E. H., Withers, K. (1996). Current status and historical trends of the estuarine living resources within the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program study area. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, vol. 1, xxxvi + 404 pp.
    Turgeon, D., Quinn, J. F., Bogan, A. E., Coan, E. V., Hochberg, F. G., Lyons, W. G., Mikkelsen, P. M. et al. (1998). Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 26
    Valdés, Á., Ortea, J. (1995). Revised taxonomy of some species of the genus Okenia Menke, 1830 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) from the Atlantic Ocean, with the description of a new species. The Veliger, 38(3): 223-234.
    Valdés, A., Hamann, J., Behrens, D. W., DuPont, A. (2006). Caribbean sea slugs: a field guide to the opisthobranch mollusks from the tropical northwestern Atlantic. Washington: Sea Challengers Natural History Books. 289 pp.
    Vogel, R. M., Schultz, L. P. (1970). Cargoa cupella, new genus and new species of nudibranch from Chesapeake Bay and the generic status of Okenia Menke, Idalia Leuckart and Idalla Örsted. The Veliger, 12: 388-393.
    Wägele, H., Willan, R. C. (2000). Phylogeny of the Nudibranchia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 130(1), 83-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb02196.x
    Wells, H. W. (1961). The fauna of oyster beds, with special reference to the salinity factor. Ecological Monographs 31(3):239- 266.
    Wolfe, D., Wolfe, W. (1970). Molluscs of North Carolina, a check-list of marine and brackish species with notes on geographic and ecological distribution, 69 pp. Regional Marine Science Project, Carteret County Public Schools.
    WoRMS Editorial Board. (2026). World Register of Marine Species. WoRMS. Disponible en: http://www.marinespecies.org

    Bibliography based on the works by Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 and Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, with later updates from other resources.

Further reading

Cite this article as:

Pontes, Miquel (2025) "Cargoa impexa" in OPK-Opistobranquis. Published: 24/05/2012. Accessed: 27/07/2026. Available at (https://opistobranquis.info/en/?p=1152)