Atalodoris pictoni

Atalodoris pictoni  (Furfaro & Trainito, 2017)

Atalodoris pictoni @ Costa Brava, Spain per Enric Madrenas

Nota taxonòmica: Aquesta espècie de recent descripció s’ha identificat en repetides ocasions com a Onchidoris pusilla (Alder & Hancock, 1845) per la morfologia similar a aquesta espècie: cos marró fosc a causa de puntuacions del mateix color i rinòfors completament blancs. No obstant això, les fulles branquials en K. pictoni són de color marró igual que el cos, en contrast amb la brànquia blanca de la descripció original i les altres cites comprovades d’O. pusilla. Hallas & Gosliner (2015) reorganitzen la sistemàtica de la família Onchidorididae Gray, 1827 i reuneixen les espècies amb dent raquidia d’Onchidoris i Adalaria en el gènere Onchidoris Blainville, 1816, que té prioritat sobre Adalaria Bergh, 1878, a la vegada que proposen un gènere nou Knoutsodonta (espècie tipus Knoutsodonta jannae (Millen, 1987)) per agrupar la resta d’espècies sense dent mitjana a la ràdula. Aquests autors, però, no tenen en compte l’existència del gènere Atalodoris Iredale & O’Donoghue, 1923 (espècie tipus Doris pusilla Alder & Hancock. 1945) proposat a partir d’una espècie tipus sense dent mitjana raquídia, per la qual cosa Knoutsodonta és un nom innecessari i totes les espècies de “Onchidoris” sense dent mitjana a la ràdula, serien espècies d’Atalodoris. Furfaro & Trainito (2017) descriuen Knoutsodonta pictoni i publiquen una taula comparativa de les quinze espècies que consideren pròpies d’aquest gènere, de les quals 6 són espècies que viuen a la Mediterrània (K. pictoni, K. albonigra, K. bouvieri, K. depressa, K. neapolitana i K. sparsa), uns tàxons que Ortea (2021) proposa transferir al gènere Atalodoris.

Descripció
Els animals d’aquesta espècie poden mesurar fins a 13 mm de longitud, encara que generalment no solen superar una mida de 9-10 mm. Cos de contorn quasi circular i de color marró molt fosc, format per taques gairebé contínues del mateix color. Hi ha taques blanquinoses prop de la vora del mantell. Per transparència i sota el mantell s’aprecia la típica espiculació del gènere. El dors té tubercles elevats lleugerament cònics i ben espaiats. Els tubercles de la vora del mantell són més petits. Els tubercles tenen blanquinosa la base i marró l’àpex. Els rinòfors són completament blancs i retràctils; posseeixen laminetes rudimentàries, fins a 10 en els exemplars grans. La beina rinofòrica no és elevada i disposa de dos grans tubercles, un antero-intern i un altre de lateral. La brànquia està formada per fins a 9-10 fulles bipinnades en els exemplars més grans; les fulles branquials estan disposades en cercle al voltant de l’anus, no són retràctils, són semitransparents però tenen nombroses puntuacions marrons que els fan adquirir un color fosc. El cercle intrabranquial té tres tubercles, dos anteriors i un de posterior, que tanca el cercle de fulles branquials. El peu és blanquinós però té, a la lupa binocular, diminutes taques marró-vermelloses, a més d’una taca marró-vermellosa deguda a les vísceres. També hi ha taques marrons en el flanc del cos i en la part dorsal del peu. La boca està ubicada al centre d’una espècie de vel oral que s’eixampla lateralment.

Biologia
Es coneixien exemplars d’aquesta espècie en diferents punts de la Costa Brava catalana des de l’any 1992 però havien estat assignats erròniament a l’espècie Onchidoris pusilla. Viu sota pedres i gairebé sempre sobre colònies de briozous incrustants com Reptadeonella violacea (veure Furfaro & Trainito, 2017) sobre les que sol passar desapercebuda a causa del seu color similar. Les zones de la colònia de briozous que han estat depredades pels animals apareixen blanquinoses. La posta, que sol estar dipositada sobre la mateixa colònia de briozous, té forma de cordó semitransparent enrotllat en una espiral circular plana de fins a 7 voltes col·locades de forma molt atapeïda, amb nombrosos ous de color blanc. S’ha pogut comprovar com dos animals poden dipositar una posta complexa en què una espiral d’ous queda tancada completament dins d’una altra. Les postes solen efectuar-se en els mesos d’abril i maig.

Etimologia

• Atalodoris, de  “atalo”, juvenil, i “Doris”, nom d’una nimfa marina.
• Pictoni. En honor a Bernard Picton, eminent especialista britànic en opistobranquis de l’Atlàntic Nord.

Distribució
A. pictoni té una distribució atlanto-mediterrània i només s’ha localitzat fins al moment en les costes d’Escòcia, d’Irlanda i a la Mediterrània central i occidental (veure Furfaro & Trainito, 2017). A la Península Ibèrica només hi ha cites fiables de la espècie a la costa de Granada i en nombroses localitats de Catalunya: a la Costa Brava des de Port Lligat fins a Lloret de Mar, i al Maresme, on s’ha trobat a Llavaneres (Ballesteros et al. 2016), en tots aquests casos citada com a O. pusilla o com a Knoutsodonta sp.

Altres fotos

Bibliografia

1246567 Atalodoris pictoni 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 19913 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

Més informació

• El Litoral de Granada
• Flickr pictures
• Furfaro & Trainito (2017) Original description
• Grup de Recerca d'Opistobranquis de Catalunya
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• Scottish Nudibranchs
• Word Register of Marine Species

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