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Cargoa impexa

Cargoa impexa (Marcus Er., 1957)

Cargoa impexa @ Canarias per Ortea et al., (2009)

Informació taxonòmica WoRMS

Nom acceptat actual: Cargoa impexa (Er. Marcus, 1957)

Classificació actual

SuperdomainBiota
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumMollusca
ClassGastropoda
SubclassHeterobranchia
InfraclassEuthyneura
SubterclassRingipleura
SuperorderNudipleura
OrderDoridida
InfraorderDoridoidei
SuperfamilyOnchidoridoidea
FamilyGoniodorididae
SubfamilyGoniodoridinae
GenusCargoa
SpeciesCargoa impexa (Er. Marcus, 1957)

Classificació proporcionada pel World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [1723343]

Nota taxonòmica: Goniodorididae és una família de petits nudibranquis dòrids distribuïts per tot el món que s’alimenten d’entoprocts, ascidis i briozous. Les relacions evolutives entre els seus tàxons han estat incertes a causa dels limitats tàxons disponibles per a anàlisis filogenètiques; alguns gèneres són parafilètics. La família inclou un nombre notable de gèneres sinonimitzats en els quals la riquesa d’espècies es distribueix de manera desigual, alguns gèneres tenen desenes d’espècies, mentre que d’altres són monoespecífics. Alguns clades són molt uniformes morfològicament mentre que altres es consideren molt variables. Paz Sedano et al (2024) van utilitzar un enfocament d’enriquiment objectiu d’elements ultraconservats per augmentar la resolució filogenètica de la columna vertebral sobre Goniodorididae i augmentar la representació d’espècies mitjançant la inclusió de quatre marcadors genètics de 109 espècies de les gairebé 160 espècies vàlides actualment. Com a resultat, es van dilucidar dues subfamílies i onze gèneres, i van ressuscitar els gèneres sinònims Bermudella, Cargoa i Ceratodoris. També van demostrar que el comportament tròfic podria haver impulsat l’evolució de les espècies i la singularitat morfològica de la família.
Les espècies de Cargoa comparteixen alguns trets: la presència de quatre papil·les primes i lineals ubicades davant dels rinòfors; una o dues papil·les lineals addicionals, seguides de papil·les claviformes, amb els extrems inflats, que es fan més grans cap a la part posterior; una papil·la dorsal amb la mateixa forma que les laterals; un color marró fosc; i ràdula petita amb al voltant de deu files de dents (no més de 20). Tot i que no hi ha proves clares de la preferència de les preses de l’espècie, aquests mol·luscs poden alimentar-se de briozous ctenostomes sobre els que s’han trobat, incloses espècies d’Amathia, Margaretta i Anguinella. Les espècies de Cargoa es troben a les dues costes de l’oceà Atlàntic i al mar Mediterrani.

Sinònims

  • Okenia impexa Marcus Er., 1957

Descripció
Es tracta d’una espècie de la que els exemplars no solen sobrepassar els 4-5 mm de longitud. El cos és alt i relativament ample. La coloració general del cos és blanc hialí, en alguns casos amb tons groguencs o crema, els òrgans interns es veuen per transparència en el centre del cos. Tenen per tot el cos nombroses taques o puntuacions de color marró fosc que poden formar una gran taca al centre del dors en alguns exemplars. El cap té un vel frontal lleugerament bilobul·lat amb 4 processos tentaculars llargs i fins. Els rinòfors són gruixuts i tenen fins a 8 làmines que es diferencien només a la zona dorsal i lateral del rinòfor però no en la zona anterior. El marge del dors posseeix 6 papil·les a cada costat, allargades i eixamplades en forma de bulb a prop de l’àpex. Les dues últimes papil·les de cada costat surten d’una base comuna. També hi ha una papil·la desaparellada al centre del dors, just davant de la brànquia. Les papil·les són d’un color una mica més clar que el cos. La brànquia està formada per 3 plomes unipinnades que envolten a la papil·la anal. El peu és ample i punxegut per darrere i la boca posseeix dues protuberàncies arrodonides a cada costat.

Biologia
Aquesta infreqüent espècie s’ha citat sobre sobre algues del gènere Halimeda i altres coral·linàcies (Schmekel, 1979), en masses d’algues flotants a l’Atlàntic i sobre el briozou Margaretta cereoides, que podria ser la seva presa (Ortea et al. 2009). La posta és una massa en forma de fesol d’uns 3 mm de longitud que conté uns 500 ous blancs (Eyster, 1980).

Etimologia

  • Cargoa. En honor d’en David G. Cargo, un col·lega dels Drs. Vogel i Schultz del Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons Maryland, EE.UU.
  • Impexa. Del Llatí “impexus”, despentinat.

Distribució
Cargoa impexa és una espècie de nudibranqui anfiatlàntic ja que, des de la seva descripció per Ernst Marcus el 1957 a les aigües de Brasil, ha estat observada a Carolina del Nord (EEUU), a Cuba, Puerto Rico i Cap Verd (Valdés & Ortea, 1995), i a les Illes Canàries (Ortea et al. 2009). Les cites a la Mediterrània (Schmekel, 1979) i altres, probablement es refereixen a la recentment descrita Cargoa problematica (Pola et al., 2019)

Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Cargoa impexa
Fonts:
OBIS
GROC 2010-2011
Enric Madrenas
João Pedro Silva
Bernard Picton
GBIF
OPK
VIMAR
Manuel Ballesteros
M@re Nostrum
Altres fonts
Marine Regions

Abundància

Mediterrània occidental: ★☆☆☆☆
Mediterrània oriental: ☆☆☆☆☆
Oceà Atlàntic: ★★☆☆☆
Mes

Aquesta gràfica mostra la probabilitat d’observació mensual de Cargoa impexa basada en els nostres propis registres.

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Bibliografia

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    Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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Pontes, Miquel (2025) "Cargoa impexa" a OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicat: 24/05/2012. Accedit: 27/07/2026. Disponible a (https://opistobranquis.info/ca/?p=1152)