Aeolidioidea

Los Eolidáceos se diferencian de los demás nudibranquios por su cuerpo estilizado y por la presencia de grupos de papilas,  denominadas cerata, en el dorso y lados del cuerpo. La coloración de los eolidáceos suele ser muy vistosa, principalmente la de las papilas dorsales. La cabeza tiene en su parte frontal los tentáculos orales, largos y finos, y los rinóforos en el dorso, que pueden ser lisos o disponer de laminillas o verrugas.

Nemesignis banyulensis por Enric Madrenas

La glándula digestiva está muy ramificada y sus ramificaciones, en forma de conducto hueco, penetran en el interior de cada cerata. En muchas especies el extremo de la glándula digestiva de cada cerata se dilata formando un pequeño saco esférico llamado cnidosaco que comunica con el exterior a través de un poro, el cnidoporo situado en la punta del cerata. Tienen respiración cutánea ya que carecen de branquias definidas y utilizan también los cerata para el intercambio de gases. La rádula es estrecha, con una sólo hilera de dientes (monoseriada) o o con 3 dientes en cada hilera (triseriada); generalmente hay un par de mandíbulas córneas en la parte anterior del bulbo bucal. Los orificios anal y genital están situados a la derecha del cuerpo. El pie puede diferenciar en su zona anterior un par de palpos propodiales, cortos y de forma triangular. Las presas de los Eolidáceos son principalmente Cnidarios: pólipos de hidrozoos, medusas y anémonas. Esta especialización alimentaria proporciona a estos nudibranquios un mecanismo de defensa de gran interés biológico, puesto que son capaces de utilizar para su propia defensa las cápsulas urticantes o cnidocistos procedentes de sus presas. Por causas que se desconocen aún, estos cnidocistos ni se descargan ni son digeridos por los jugos digestivos del nudibranquio y además, a través de las ramificaciones de la glándula digestiva llegan a los cnidosacos de la punta de los cerata, donde se guardan. Estos cnidocistos pueden ser expulsados al exterior en contacto con el posible depredador, donde se descargan y efectúan su acción defensiva. Algunas especies se han especializado en alimentarse de huevos de peces, de crustáceos cirrípedos o incluso de otras especies de nudibranquios. Los eolidáceos se suelen encontrar sobre colonias de hidrozoos, frecuentemente la misma especie que depredan, y donde suelen depositar sus puestas que suelen ser en forma de cordón enrollado de variadas maneras. En otras ocasiones se les puede localizar en la cara inferior de las piedras cerca de anémonas incluso a muy poca profundidad o bien deambulando en paredes rocosas con abundancia de algas e invertebrados.

Clasificación

La taxonomía de Aeolidáceos propuesta por Bouchet et al. (2017) y aceptada por WoRMS es:

Aeolidioidea J. E. Gray, 1827

• Aeolidiidae J. E. Gray, 1827
  • Aeolidia Cuvier, 1798
  • Aeolidiella Bergh, 1867
  • Aeolidiopsis Pruvot-Fol, 1956
  • Anteaeolidiella M. C. Miller, 2001
  • Baeolidia Bergh, 1888
  • Berghia Trinchese, 1877
  • Bulbaeolidia Carmona, Pola, Gosliner & Cervera, 2013
  • Cerberilla Bergh, 1873
  • Limenandra Haefelfinger & Stamm, 1958
  • Spurilla Bergh, 1864
  • Zeusia Korshunova, Zimina & Martynov, 2017
• Babakinidae Roller, 1973
  • Babakina Roller, 1973
• Facelinidae Bergh, 1889
  • Adfacelina Millen & Hermosillo, 2012
  • Algarvia García-Gómez & Cervera, 1990
  • Amanda Macnae, 1954
  • Anetarca Gosliner, 1991
  • Antonietta Schmekel, 1966
  • Austraeolis Burn, 1962
  • Bajaeolis Gosliner & Behrens, 1986
  • Burnaia M. C. Miller, 2001
  • Caloria Trinchese, 1888
  • Cratena Bergh, 1864
  • Crateninae Bergh, 1889
  • Dicata Schmekel, 1967
  • Echinopsole Macnae, 1954
  • Emarcusia Roller, 1972
  • Facelina Alder & Hancock, 1855
  • Facelininae Bergh, 1889
  • Facelinopsis Pruvot-Fol, 1954
  • Favorininae Bergh, 1889
  • Favorinus J. E. Gray, 1850
  • Hermosita Gosliner & Behrens, 1986
  • Herviella Baba, 1949
  • Herviellinae Burn, 1967
  • Janssonius Ortea & Moro, 2022
  • Jason M. C. Miller, 1974
  • Learchis Bergh, 1896
  • Moridilla Bergh, 1888
  • Myja Bergh, 1896
  • Noumeaella Risbec, 1937
  • Palisa Edmunds, 1964
  • Pauleo Millen & Hamann, 1992
  • Phidiana Gray, 1850
  • Pruvotfolia J. Tardy, 1970
  • Pteraeolidiinae Risbec, 1953
    • Pteraeolidia Bergh, 1875
  • Sakuraeolis Baba, 1965
  • Setoeolis Baba, 1965
• Flabellinidae Bergh, 1889
  • Calmella Eliot, 1906
  • Carronella Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schrödl & Picton, 2017
  • Coryphellina O’Donoghue, 1929
  • Edmundsella Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schrödl & Picton, 2017
  • Flabellina McMurtrie, 1831
  • Paraflabellina Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schrödl & Picton, 2017
• Flabellinopsidae Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schrödl & Picton, 2017
  • Baenopsis Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schrödl & Picton, 2017
  • Flabellinopsis MacFarland, 1966
• Glaucidae Gray, 1827
  • Glaucilla Bergh, 1861
  • Glaucus Forster, 1777
• Hantazuidae Korshunova, Fletcher & Martynov, 2025
  • Hantazuia Korshunova, Fletcher & Martynov, 2025
• Myrrhinidae Bergh, 1905
  • Dondice Er. Marcus, 1958
  • Godiva Macnae, 1954
  • Hermissenda Bergh, 1879
  • Nanuca Er. Marcus, 1957
  • Nemesignis Furfaro & Mariottini, 2021
  • Phyllodesmium Ehrenberg, 1831
• Piseinotecidae Edmunds, 1970
  • Piseinotecus Er. Marcus, 1955
• Pleurolidiidae Burn, 1966
  • Pleurolidia Burn, 1966
  • Protaeolidiella Baba, 1955

Especies de aeolidáceos citadas en el Mediterráneo o alrededor de la Península Ibérica:

Aeolidia papillosa

Aeolidia filomenae

Aeolidiella alderi

Aeolidiella glauca

Aeolidiella sanguinea

Anteaeolidiella indica

Anteaeolidiella lurana

Babakina anadoni

Baenopsis baetica

Baeolidia moebii

Berghia coerulescens

Berghia columbina

Berghia creutzbergi

Berghia marinae

Berghia verrucicornis

Cerberilla bernadettae

Dondice occidentalis

Dondice trainitoi

Facelinidae

Flabellinidae

Glaucus atlanticus

Godiva quadricolor

Limenandra nodosa

Nemesignis banyulensis

Piseinotecus soussi

Piseinotecus sphaeriferus

Spurilla neapolitana

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Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J. P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., Nützel, A., Parkhaev, P. et al. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia, 61(1-2), 1-526.
Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.