Gargamella boucheti

Gargamella boucheti (Ortea, 1979)

Gargamella boucheti @ Costa Brava por Enric Madrenas

Nota taxonómica: Fernández-Vilert et al. (2024) llevaron a cabo una serie de análisis genéticos sobre una amplia muestra de babosas marinas de la familia Discodorididae y, entre muchos otros resultados novedosos e interesantes, observaron que Discodoris rosi Ortea, 1979, del noroeste y noreste de España, se agrupaban con Carminodoris boucheti Ortea, 1979, del noreste de España. Estudios morfológicos previos ya habían propuesto la inclusión de Discodoris rosi en el género Rostanga, debido a la presencia de dientes radulares laterales alargados y estilizados, un carácter tradicionalmente utilizado para reconocer especies de Rostanga (Rudman & Avern 1989, Dayrat & Gosliner 2005, Dayrat 2011). Además, al igual que otras especies del género Rostanga, Discodoris rosi y Carminodoris boucheti presentan tubérculos cariofilideos, una estructura ausente en el género Discodoris (Ortea et al. 2014). Sin embargo, la cutícula labial es lisa en Discodoris rosi, mientras que en los géneros Rostanga y Discodoris está armada con elementos mandibulares (Ortea et al. 2014), con la excepción de Rostanga elandsia, cuya mandíbula es lisa y carece de estos elementos (Garovoy et al. 2001). Por este motivo, algunos autores mantuvieron a Discodoris rosi en Discodoris, a la espera de una mayor clarificación (Sánchez-Tocino 2003, Cervera et al. 2004). Dado que tanto Discodoris rosi como Carminodoris boucheti también se agrupan con la especie tipo Gargamella immaculata, y considerando que Carminodoris boucheti y Gargamella presentan una cutícula labial lisa (Perrone & Doneddu 1996, Ortea et al. 2006), como se ha mencionado anteriormente para Discodoris rosi y Rostanga elandsia, Fernández-Vilert et al. (2024) han transferido estas especies al género Gargamella, estableciendo las nuevas combinaciones Gargamella boucheti, Gargamella elandsia y Gargamella rosi.

Sinónimos

• Carminodoris boucheti Ortea, 1979

Descripción
La coloración del animal puede ser amarillenta o anaranjada pero siempre destaca una franja de color marrón mediodorsal que va desde la zona branquial hasta el área interrinofórica y encima de ella hay una fina línea blanquecina que rodea también por detrás a la vaina de las branquias. El dorso se ve “salpicado” por pequeñas puntuaciones blanquecinas que se corresponden con pequeños tubérculos cónicos provistos de diminutas espículas en su interior. El manto también es muy espiculoso. Los rinóforos son semitransparentes en su base mientras que la zona laminar es de color marrón suave; el orificio rinofórico está rodeado de de 15 a 17 pequeñas papilas cónicas blanquecinas. La branquia está formada por 6- 8 hojas branquiales tripinnadas de color amarillento y cuando están extendidas se mantienen en posición vertical, muy apretadas entre ellas. La vaina que rodea a las hojas branquiales es poco elevada y su borde dispone también de pequeños tubérculos pigmentados de blanco, lo que origina el típico collar blanco alrededor de las branquias. El pie es de color anaranjado y la boca posee un par de palpos digitiformes semitransparentes.

Biología
Se trata de una especie de doridáceo de pequeña talla (hasta 22 mm de longitud) que puede encontrarse en la Costa Brava en la cara inferior de piedras, frecuentemente bien camuflado sobre esponjas incrustantes como Hymeniacidon perlevis (esponja conocida hasta hace poco como H. sanguínea) de la que al parecer puede alimentarse. La puesta está formada por una cinta de color naranja de unos 3 mm de altura enrollada en 3-5 vueltas muy apretadas y de unos 10 mm de diámetro. Los huevos miden alrededor de 100 micras y hay unos 8-9 a lo ancho de la cinta.

Etimología

• Gargamella. El nombre asignado por Bergh probablemente se refiere a la giganta Gargamelle, madre de Gargantúa en la historia de F. Rabelais del siglo XVI “La vida de Gargantúa y de Pantagruel”.
• Boucheti. Dedicada a Philippe Bouchet (1953-), malacólogo Francés en el Museo de Historia Natural de Paris.

Distribución
Esta especie de reciente descripción se circunscribe hasta el momento a las aguas asturianas, donde fueron recolectados los primeros ejemplares, al área del estrecho de Gibraltar y a algunas localidades de las costas italianas y españolas. En aguas catalanas se han encontrado ejemplares en Cala Sant Francesc y en diversos lugares del cap de Creus, como Portlligat. Se trata por lo tanto de una especie muy poco común.

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Bibliografía

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Garcia, F. J., Bertsch, H. (2009). Diversity and distribution of the Gastropoda Opisthobranchia from the Atlantic Ocean: A global biogeographic approach. Scientia Marina, 73(1), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2009.73n1153
Long, S. J. (2006). Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000. Bayside Books & Press, Tustin, CA, U.S.A. 672p.
McDonald, G. (2009). Bibliographia Nudibranchia. 2nd Online Edition, Annotated. 1072 pp  Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. Disponible en: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8115h0wz
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Ortea, J., Martínez, E. (1992). Descripción de una nueva especie del género Carminodoris Bergh, 1889 (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia: Nudibranchia) del piso batial del Norte de Espana. Graellsia 48: 185-188.
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Rudman W.B. et al. (1998). Carminodoris boucheti accessed through: Sea Slug Forum on 2014-12-14. Disponible en: http://seaslugforum.net/showall/carmbouc
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Sánchez-Tocino, L. (2018). El Litoral de Granada - Opistobranquios. El Litoral de Granada. Disponible en: https://litoraldegranada.ugr.es/el-litoral/el-litoral-sumergido/fauna/moluscos/gasteropodos/opistobranquios/ [Accedido 3 de enero de 2019]
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Trainito, E., Doneddu, M. (2014). Nudibranchi del Mediterraneo (2nd.). Il Castello.
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Valdés, Á. (2002). A phylogenetic analysis and systematic revision of the cryptobranch dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Anthobranchia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 136, 535-636. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00039.x
Valdés, A., Heros, V. (1998). The types of Recent and certain fossil opisthobranch molluscs in the Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Zoosystema 20(4):695-742.
WoRMS Editorial Board. (2026). World Register of Marine Species. WoRMS. Disponible en: http://www.marinespecies.org
Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• El Litoral de Granada
• Flickr pictures
• GROC
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• Sea Slug Forum
• World Register of Marine Species

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