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Dendrodoris limbata

Dendrodoris limbata (Cuvier, 1804)

Dendrodoris limbata @ Granada por Enric Madrenas

Información taxonómica WoRMS

Nombre aceptado actual: Dendrodoris limbata (Cuvier, 1804)

Clasificación actual

SuperdomainBiota
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumMollusca
ClassGastropoda
SubclassHeterobranchia
InfraclassEuthyneura
SubterclassRingipleura
SuperorderNudipleura
OrderDoridida
InfraorderDoridoidei
SuperfamilyPhyllidioidea
FamilyDendrodorididae
GenusDendrodoris
SpeciesDendrodoris limbata (Cuvier, 1804)

Clasificación proporcionada por el World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [139518]

Sinónimos

  • Dendrodoris languida Pruvot-Fol, 1951 
  • Doris limbata Cuvier, 1804 (original)
  • Doris lugubris Ehrenberg, 1831 
  • Doris nigricans Otto, 1823 
  • Doris rappi Cantraine, 1841 
  • Doris setigera Rapp, 1827 
  • Doris sismondae Vérany, 1846 
  • Doris virescens Risso, 1826 

Descripción
Se trata de un doridáceo de talla apreciable, ya que los ejemplares más grandes pueden alcanzar más de 7 cm de longitud, aunque hay una cita de un ejemplar de 26cm de Croacia (Prkic, 2015). Como las otras especies del mismo género, el cuerpo es blando y carente de espículas. El cuerpo es aplanado y los bordes del manto sobrepasan claramente al pie, excepto por detrás cuando el animal está moviéndose. Esta especie tiene una coloración extremadamente variable, lo que ha dado origen a muchas confusiones en la bibliografía y a la descripción de especies consideradas sinónimos actualmente. El color de los ejemplares puede ser amarillento, verduzco, pardo con diferentes tonos e incluso negro. También pueden ser de color homogéneo o tener manchas irregulares de tonos marrones, verdes, rojizas o grisáceas.  Los bordes del manto suelen ser ondulados y siempre tienen una banda amarilla que identifica claramente a la especie y que la separa de D. grandiflora, ésta con el borde del manto muy amplio, estriado y nunca con borde amarillo. La cara inferior del manto también puede tener manchas como las del dorso. Los rinóforos son retráctiles y tienen el mismo color que el cuerpo pero algo más oscuro  y tienen el ápice más claro o blanquecino; la base del rinóforo es ancha y semitransparente y la parte laminar tiene numerosas laminillas dispuestas muy apretadamente. Vaina rinofórica casi inexistente y de borde superior liso y algo más claro que el resto del dorso. La branquia está formada por 6 hojas tripinnadas y del mismo color que el cuerpo pero algo más oscuro y con las puntas de las ramificaciones blanquecinas. Las hojas branquiales son retráctiles completamente y cuando están extendidas pueden cubrir toda la parte posterior del dorso. El pie es muy amplio y por delante no diferencia palpos bucales; el pie suele estar manchado con manchas del mismo tipo que las del dorso.

Biología
Esta especie suele ser frecuente bajo piedras desde muy poca profundidad hasta 30-40 m. Se ha citado viviendo sobre la esponja  Suberites domuncula (McDonald & Nybakken, 2001) pero se duda de si realmente se alimenta de la esponja o bien de los microorganismos epibiontes que hay sobre ella, a los que succiona con la boca. Como los demás Dendrodorídidos carece de rádula en su cavidad bucal. La puesta está formada por una cinta festoneada y enrollada en espiral de unos 10 mm de alto; el conjunto de la puesta puede tener 3-4 cm de diámetro. Los huevos tienen un tamaño de unas 350 micras, están dentro de cápsulas transparentes y son de color naranja, proporcionando este color a toda la puesta. Las larvas velígeras que eclosionan tienen una vida muy corta en el pláncton y en menos de 48 horas sufren la metamorfosis y se transforman en juveniles bentónicos de casi 0,5 mm (Valdés et al. 1996).

Etimología

  • Dendrodoris. Del griego “dendros” (arbol) y “Doris”, una ninfa marina de la mitología griega.
  • Limbata. Del Latín “limbus”, borde, banda.

Distribución
Esta especie, descrita por Cuvier en 1804, es eminentemente mediterránea pero también se ha citado en las costas de Portugal y zona del Estrecho de Gibraltar (Cervera et al. 2004). Hay algunas observaciones de la especie en las costas atlánticas de Francia y en las islas británicas (SeaSlug Forum). En la Península Ibérica se ha citado en todas las zonas costeras desde Portugal hasta Catalunya y las islas Baleares. En las costas catalanas se ha observado en numerosas localidades como Llançà, el Port de la Selva, Es Caials, Cadaqués, L´Escala, Illes Medes, Cala Aiguafreda, La Planassa (Blanes), Llavaneres y el Garraf, entre otras.

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Dendrodoris limbata
Fonts:
OBIS
GROC 2010-2011
Enric Madrenas
João Pedro Silva
Bernard Picton
GBIF
OPK
VIMAR
Manuel Ballesteros
M@re Nostrum
Altres fonts
Marine Regions

Abundancia

Mediterráneo occidental: ★★★☆☆
Mediterráneo oriental: ★★☆☆☆
Océano Atlántico: ★☆☆☆☆
Mes

Esta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Dendrodoris limbata basada en nuestros propios registros.

Vídeos

 

Otras fotos

Dendrodoris limbata, gill detail, by Manuel Ballesteros
Dendrodoris limbata
Dendrodoris limbata, gill detail, by Enric Madrenas
Dendrodoris limbata (melanic) by Manuel Ballesteros
Dendrodoris limbata (260mm) @ Pag Island, Croatia 9m by Jakov Prkic
Dendrodoris limbata (blue) @ Ionian Sea, Salento, Italy by Gianni Colucci
Dendrodoris limbata (blue and black) @ Ionian Sea, Salento, Italy by Gianni Colucci
Dendrodoris limbata (adult) @ Costa Brava (Spain) by Miquel Pontes
Dendrodoris limbata (adult) @ Costa Brava (Spain)
Dendrodoris limbata @ Thau, France by Pascal Girard
Dendrodoris limbata @ France by Pascal Girard
Dendrodoris limbata @ France by Pascal Girard
Dendrodoris limbata gills detail @ France by Pascal Girard
Dendrodoris limbata by Manuel Ballesteros

Bibliografía

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    Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

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Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2025) "Dendrodoris limbata" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 16/05/2012. Accedido: 28/07/2026. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=474)