Els Cylichnoidea sĂłn una superfamĂlia de mol·luscs gastròpodes heterobranquis marins que inclou espècies generalment petites, caracteritzades sovint per una conquilla cilĂndrica o allargada, amb una espira molt baixa o gairebĂ© invisible. La seva forma compacta i la reducciĂł de l’espira els confereixen un aspecte particular, que permet distingir molts dels seus representants d’altres gastròpodes amb conquilles mĂ©s globoses o còniques. Tot i que sovint passen desapercebuts, constitueixen un component interessant de la diversitat dels petits mol·luscs que habiten els fons marins.
Els Cylichnoidea viuen principalment en ambients bentònics, des de les aigĂĽes litorals poc profundes fins a zones de mĂ©s fondĂ ria. Es poden trobar en sediments sorrencs o fangosos, on moltes espècies s’enterren parcialment o es desplacen entre els grans del substrat. Aquest estil de vida, juntament amb les seves dimensions reduĂŻdes, fa que siguin difĂcils de detectar durant les observacions submarines convencionals. En canvi, poden aparèixer en mostres de sediment obtingudes mitjançant tècniques de mostreig bentònic.
La conquilla Ă©s un dels elements mĂ©s Ăştils per reconèixer aquest grup. En moltes espècies Ă©s allargada, cilĂndrica o lleugerament ovalada, amb una obertura estreta i prolongada que pot ocupar bona part de la longitud de la closca. L’espira pot quedar molt reduĂŻda o enfonsada, mentre que la superfĂcie externa pot ser llisa o presentar estries i altres ornamentacions fines. Malgrat aquesta aparença relativament uniforme, l’estudi detallat de la forma, les proporcions i els carĂ cters anatòmics permet diferenciar espècies que, a primera vista, poden semblar molt similars.
Pel que fa a l’alimentaciĂł, nombrosos representants d’aquest grup estan associats als sediments i exploten els recursos disponibles en aquests ambients. Algunes espècies s’alimenten de petits organismes o de material orgĂ nic present al substrat, tot i que els hĂ bits tròfics poden variar entre els diferents llinatges. D’aquesta manera, participen en les complexes xarxes alimentĂ ries de les comunitats bentòniques, especialment en els ecosistemes dominats per sediments tous.
La classificaciĂł dels Cylichnoidea i les relacions evolutives entre els seus representants han estat objecte de revisiĂł a mesura que s’han incorporat dades anatòmiques i moleculars. La semblança externa entre moltes espècies no sempre reflecteix una relaciĂł evolutiva estreta, fet que posa de manifest la importĂ ncia de combinar diferents tipus de carĂ cters per comprendre la diversificaciĂł dels heterobranquis.
Malgrat la seva mida diminuta i els seus hĂ bits discrets, els Cylichnoidea sĂłn un grup rellevant per estudiar la biodiversitat dels sediments marins. La seva morfologia caracterĂstica, la seva adaptaciĂł a la vida bentònica i les dificultats que planteja la seva identificaciĂł els converteixen en un exemple interessant de la diversitat menys visible dels gastròpodes marins.
La taxonomia actual segons WoRMS Ă©s:
Espècies de Cylichnoidea citades a la MediterrĂ nia o a la PenĂnsula Ibèrica:
Cylichna alba
Cylichna brocchii
Cylichna cylindracea
Diaphana globosa
Diaphana minuta
Mnestia girardi
Bibliografia
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https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.
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