Cyerce cristallina

Cyerce cristallina (Trinchese, 1881)

• Cyerce iheringi Pelseneer, 1892
• Lobiancoia cristallina Trinchese, 1881 (original)
• Lobifera cristallina (Portmann, 1958)

Descripción
Tiene una longitud máxima habitual de unos 35mm (aunque hay alguna cita de ejemplares de hasta 50mm) con el cuerpo coloreado de una tonalidad crema, que puede ser blanco (p.e. en algunos ejemplares atlánticos) o incluso marrón más o menos oscuro (en ejemplares juveniles), con manchas de color marrón rojizo (más brillantes en los ejemplares juveniles) dispuestas de forma característica. Son especialmente llamativas la mancha de la cabeza, dispuesta como unas gafas alrededor de los ojos (que son evidentes en la parte superior, contra el fondo color crema del cuerpo), una línea oscura mediodorsal que recubre la prominencia pericárdica y un ribete de color marrón-rojizo en la parte terminal de cada cerata. Las cerata tienen forma foliácea, son largas y aplanadas, con el pigmento marrón rojizo formando un patrón oval característico en su extremo y manchas alargadas en las caras mesiales de las mismas. Además de las manchas terminales de color marrón-rojizo tienen, a cada lado de dicha marca, un borde de color blanco. Sobre la superficie aplanada de las cerata se observa un punteado superficial de color blanco-amarillento. Los cerata más pequeños estaban situados en la parte delantera mientras que los mayores estan situados en la zona media y en la trasera. Las cerata carecen de lóbulos de la glándula digestiva en su interior. Tiene tres pares de tentáculos de la cabeza (los rinóforos aparecen divididos casi en la base y, por lo tanto, constituyen dos pares) que aparecen notablemente enrollados. Los tentáculos rinoforales superiores son de color marrón-rojizo, pero los inferiores y los tentáculos orales son, al igual que el margen anterior del pié, de la misma tonalidad crema del cuerpo. La papila anal es de color crema brillante y está situada en el dorso, frente al pericardio, un poco a la derecha del plano medio. Ventralmente, la suela del pie, que es de color crema, tiene una ranura mesopodial transversal al final del primer tercio del cuerpo. El margen anterior del pié es bilabiado, mientras que su extremo posterior es apuntado. Cuando el animal está en reposo, el pié queda casi oculto por las abundantes cerata. Algunas descripciones mencionan una banda de color verde oliva a lo largo del cuerpo, aparentemente relacionada con el contenido del aparato digestivo, que sería visible por transparencia.

Biología
Es una especie herbívora que se alimenta de algas. La puesta es una banda aplanada dispuesta en espiral con huevos blancos de 0,06 mm de diámetro. Si el animal se siente en peligro puede desprenderse de las cerata que continuarán moviéndose de forma independiente para distraer la atención del predador y permitir escapar al animal, a la vez que las glándulas defensivas de cada cerata (los puntos blanco-amarillentos que las decoran, cuyo número y tamaño parece depender del ciclo biológico del animal) segregan una substancia antidepredante. Las cerata pueden regenerarse en el plazo de aproximadamente una semana. Thompson (1977) describió cuatro especies relacionadas en Jamaica (Cyerce cristallina, Cyerce edmundsi, Cyerce antillensis y Polybranchia viridis) de las que mencionó que pueden distinguirse fácilmente a simple vista: “Polybranchia viridis has tuberculate papillae, while those of the other three species of Cyerce lack tubercles. Cyerce edmundsi has pearl-like swelling along the free outer edge of the cerata, lacking in the other two species. Cyerce cristallina has crimson markings on a white background, while Cyerce antillensis is predominantly drab brown in colour”.

Etimología

• Cyerce. Parece ser un nombre de origen mitológico. Bergh (el autor que dió nombre al género) creó un gran número de géneros con consonancias mitológicas pero no siempre relacionados con la mitología histórica.
• Cristallina. Del Latín “crystallinus”, cristalino, con propiedades de cristal.

Distribución
Cyerce cristallina fué originalmente descrita en el Mediterráneo, donde se ha hallado tanto en la cuenca oriental como en la occidental. También se ha citado en el Atlántico. Hay pocas citas de esta especie por su elevada cripsis sobre el medio en que vive: aguas someras con crecimientos de algas (Dictyopteris) y bajo rocas.

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Cyerce cristallina

Fonts:
OBIS GROC 2010-2011 Enric Madrenas João Pedro Silva Bernard Picton GBIF	OPK VIMAR Manuel Ballesteros M@re Nostrum Altres fonts Marine Regions

Otras fotos

Cyerce cristallina

Cyerce cristallina 35mm @ Qajjenza, Malta 2m depth 16-09-1993 by Carmel Sammut

Cyerce cristallina 40mm @ Cirkewwa, Malta 1m depth 17-09-1992 by Carmel Sammut

Cyerce cristallina by Gilles Cavignaux

Cyerce cristallina @ Malta by Constantino Mifsud

Cyerce cristallina @ Malta by Constantino Mifsud

Cyerce cristallina @ Isla La Maddalena, Sassari, Sardegna (June 2013) by Guido Villani

Cyerce cristallina @ Cala Fornells, Mallorca 5-08-2016 by Lenka Juskaničová

Cyerce cristallina @ Cala Fornells, Mallorca 5-08-2016 by Lenka Juskaničová

Cyerce cristallina @ Cala Fornells, Mallorca 5-08-2016 by Lenka Juskaničová

Cyerce cristallina @ Cala Fornells, Mallorca 5-08-2016 by Lenka Juskaničová

Cyerce cristallina @ Cala Fornells, Mallorca 5-08-2016 by Lenka Juskaničová

Cyerce cristalina @ Cala Egos, Mallorca by Sebastià Pons

Cyerce cristalina @ Cala Egos, Mallorca by Sebastià Pons

Cyerce cristalina @ Cala Egos, Mallorca by Sebastià Pons

1246567 Cyerce cristallina 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 2117 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

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