Cyerce cristallina

Cyerce cristallina (Trinchese, 1881)

• Cyerce iheringi Pelseneer, 1892
• Lobiancoia cristallina Trinchese, 1881 (original)
• Lobifera cristallina (Portmann, 1958)

Descripció
Té una longitud màxima habitual d’uns 35 mm (encara que hi ha alguna cita d’exemplars de fins a 50mm) amb el cos acolorit d’una tonalitat crema, que pot ser blanc (p.e. en alguns exemplars atlàntics) o fins i tot marró més o menys fosc (en exemplars juvenils ), amb taques de color marró vermellós (més brillants en els exemplars juvenils) disposades de forma característica. Criden especialment l’atenció la taca del cap, disposada com unes ulleres al voltant dels ulls (que són evidents en la part superior, contra el fons color crema del cos), una línia fosca migdorsal que recobreix la prominència pericàrdica i un rivet de color marró-vermellós a la part terminal de cada cerata. Les cerata tenen forma foliàcia, són llargues i aplanades, amb el pigment marró vermellós formant un patró oval característic en el seu extrem i taques allargades en les cares mesials de les mateixes. A més de les taques terminals de color marró-vermellós tenen, a banda i banda d’aquesta marca, una vora de color blanc. Sobre la superfície aplanada de les cerata s’observa un puntejat superficial de color blanc-groguenc. Els cerata més petits son situats a la part davantera mentre que els majors estan situats a la zona mitjana i en la posterior. Les cerata no tenen lòbuls de la glàndula digestiva al seu interior. Té tres parells de tentacles al cap (els rinòfors apareixen dividits gairebé a la base i, per tant, constitueixen dos parells) que apareixen notablement enrotllats. Els tentacles rinoforals superiors són de color marró-vermellós, però els inferiors i els tentacles orals són, igual que el marge anterior del peu, de la mateixa tonalitat crema del cos. La papil·la anal és de color crema brillant i està situada al dors, davant del pericardi, una mica a la dreta del pla mitjà. Ventralment, la sola del peu, que és de color crema, té una ranura mesopodial transversal al final del primer terç del cos. El marge anterior del peu és bilabiat, mentre que el seu extrem posterior és apuntat. Quan l’animal està en repòs, el peu queda gairebé ocult per les abundants cerata. Algunes descripcions esmenten una banda de color verd oliva al llarg del cos, aparentment relacionada amb el contingut de l’aparell digestiu, que seria visible per transparència.

Biologia
És una espècie herbívora que s’alimenta d’algues. La posta és una banda aplanada disposada en espiral amb ous blancs de 0,06 mm de diàmetre. Si l’animal se sent en perill pot desprendre’s de les cerata que continuaran movent-se de forma independent per distreure l’atenció del predador i permetre escapar l’animal, alhora que les glàndules defensives de cada cerata (els punts blanc-groguencs que les decoren, el nombre i mida de les quals sembla dependre del cicle biològic de l’animal) segreguen una substància antidepredant. Les cerata poden regenerar-se en el termini d’aproximadament una setmana. Thompson (1977) va descriure quatre espècies relacionades a Jamaica (Cyerce cristallina, Cyerce edmundsi, Cyerce antillensis i Polybranchia viridis) de les que va esmentar que poden distingir-se fàcilment a simple vista: “Polybranchia viridis has tuberculate papillae, while those of the other three species of Cyerce lack tubercles. Cyerce edmundsi has pearl-like swellimg along the free outer edge of the cerata, lacking in the other two species. Cyerce cristallina has crimson markings on a white background, while Cyerce antillensis is predominantly drab brown in colour”.

Etimologia

• Cyerce. Sembla ser un nom d’origen mitològic. Bergh (l’autor que va donar nom al gènere) va crear un gran nombre de gèneres amb consonàncies mitològiques però no sempre relacionats amb la mitologia històrica.
• Cristallina. Del Llatí “crystallinus”, cristal·lí, amb propietats de cristall.

Distribució
Cyerce cristallina va ser originalment descrita a la Mediterrània, on s’ha trobat tant a la conca oriental com a l’occidental. També s’ha citat a l’Atlàntic. Hi ha poques cites d’aquesta espècie per la seva elevada cripsi sobre el medi en què viu: aigües someres amb creixements d’algues (Dictyopteris) i sota roques.

Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Cyerce cristallina

Fonts:
OBIS GROC 2010-2011 Enric Madrenas João Pedro Silva Bernard Picton GBIF	OPK VIMAR Manuel Ballesteros M@re Nostrum Altres fonts Marine Regions

Altres fotos

Cyerce cristallina

Cyerce cristallina 35mm @ Qajjenza, Malta 2m depth 16-09-1993 by Carmel Sammut

Cyerce cristallina 40mm @ Cirkewwa, Malta 1m depth 17-09-1992 by Carmel Sammut

Cyerce cristallina by Gilles Cavignaux

Cyerce cristallina @ Malta by Constantino Mifsud

Cyerce cristallina @ Malta by Constantino Mifsud

Cyerce cristallina @ Isla La Maddalena, Sassari, Sardegna (June 2013) by Guido Villani

Cyerce cristallina @ Cala Fornells, Mallorca 5-08-2016 by Lenka Juskaničová

Cyerce cristallina @ Cala Fornells, Mallorca 5-08-2016 by Lenka Juskaničová

Cyerce cristallina @ Cala Fornells, Mallorca 5-08-2016 by Lenka Juskaničová

Cyerce cristallina @ Cala Fornells, Mallorca 5-08-2016 by Lenka Juskaničová

Cyerce cristallina @ Cala Fornells, Mallorca 5-08-2016 by Lenka Juskaničová

Cyerce cristalina @ Cala Egos, Mallorca by Sebastià Pons

Cyerce cristalina @ Cala Egos, Mallorca by Sebastià Pons

Cyerce cristalina @ Cala Egos, Mallorca by Sebastià Pons

Bibliografia

1246567 Cyerce cristallina 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 2117 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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