Elysia gordanae

Elysia gordanae (Thompson & Jaklin, 1988)

Elysia gordanae @ L'Escala, Girona por Enric Madrenas

Nota taxonómica: El género Elysia comprende aproximadamente un tercio de la riqueza de especies en los Sacoglossa. Sin embargo, la diversidad de especies dentro de este género ha sido poco estudiada en algunas áreas, como el Atlántico Nororiental y en el Mediterráneo. Para clarificar la sistemática de este género y caracterizar la diversidad de especies en estas regiones, Martín-Hervás et al. (2024) llevaron a cabo un estudio integrador basado en una revisión exhaustiva de la bibliografia, y realizaron análisis moleculares y morfológicos, enfocados a la delimitación de especies. Para ello realizaron análisis filogenéticos de secuencias parciales de dos genes mitocondriales (COI y 16S) y dos genes nucleares (H3 y 28S) utilizando métodos de inferencia bayesiana y máxima verosimilitud, lo que confirmó la presencia de cinco de las especies europeas reconocidas de Elysia: Elysia viridis, E. timida, E. flava, E. margaritae y E. rubeni. Ortea et al. (2017) propusieron la sinonimia entre E. gordanae y E. margaritae, lo cual era cuestionable debido a la gran diferencia de tamaño entre estas especies: E. margaritae fue descrita a partir de unos pocos especímenes de 33-44 mm de longitud, mientras que E. gordanae es mucho más pequeña y suele medir menos de 10 mm. Martín-Hervás et al. (2024) restablecieron E. gordanae como una especie distinta.
Martín-Hervás et al. (2024) cuestionaron el estatus de Elysia hetta del Mediterráneo como una especie válida. Este taxón se caracterizaba por presentar parapodios poco desarrollados y grandes papilas blancas en el borde de los parapodios y en los laterales, una región cefálica y un pericardio de color blanquecino con numerosos gránulos rojos distribuidos a ambos lados, tanto en la parte interna como externa de los parapodios (Perrone 1990). Aunque todos estos rasgos coinciden con los de E. gordanae, Perrone (1990) describió E. hetta como una especie diferente debido a su pie redondeado y engrosado, que en E. gordanae parece delgado y alargado. Sin embargo, esta característica no es determinante, ya que el animal puede contraerse y mostrar dicho aspecto. Además, Perrone (1990) argumentó que la presencia de gránulos rosados en E. gordanae le daba un aspecto carnoso, el cual no era visible en E. hetta. Al examinar las fotografías de varios especímenes de E. gordanae incluidas en el estudio filogenético de Martín-Hervás et al. (2024), se evidenció un alto grado de variabilidad cromática intraespecífica. Por lo tanto, lo más probable es que la descripción de E. hetta se haya basado en un espécimen de E. gordanae, por lo que E. hetta debería considerarse un sinónimo junior de dicha especie. Basándose en estas observaciones, las imágenes del supuesto E. hetta reproducidas por Micaroni (2015) y Trainito & Doneddu (2016) en sus publicaciones presumiblemente corresponden a E. gordanae. La masa de huevos ilustrada en Trainito & Doneddu (2016) es idéntica a una publicada en The Sea Slug Forum (Koehler, 2001; http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/4160).

Sinónimos

• Elysia hetta Perrone, 1990

Descripción
Los ejemplares de esta especie pueden llegar a medir 30 mm de longitud. La coloración general es verduzca pero no homogénea, y generalmente hay numerosas puntuaciones y granulaciones de color blanco y rosado que aclaran el cuerpo. A ambos lados de la cabeza hay zonas pigmentadas de azul iridiscente muy tenue. Los rinóforos son estrechos, están enrollados y son relativamente cortos; su coloración es también verduzca pero están salpicados de manchitas blancas. Los ojos son muy visibles justo detrás de la base de los rinóforos. Los parápodos están poco desarrollados y suelen abrirse de forma angulosa en su tercio anterior. El borde de los parápodos está engrosado y ribeteado de un verde más oscuro y tiene pequeñas protuberancias de color blanquecino. Los vasos dorsales son muy poco aparentes.

Biología
Esta especie suele vivir entre algas verdes desde la zona intermareal hasta unos 30 m de profundidad. Esta especie se ha encontrado sobre las algas Bryopsis y Derbesia y se ha indicado que se alimenta del alga clorofícea Cladophora y es capaz de retener sus cloroplastos en su cuerpo, con una tasa de renovación alta (Marín & Ros, 1988). La puesta es un cordón grueso de color blanquecino enrollado en una espiral ondulosa (Gofas, Moreno & Salas, 2011).

Etimología

• Elysia es un nombre que proviene del latín Elyseum: elíseo, una “especie de paraíso” donde, segun las creencias del paganismo, tenían que ir las almas de aquellos que, al morir, merecían este premio”. Frieder Sauer comenta queElysia significa celestial.
• Gordanae. En honor de Gordana Jaklin (19??-) probablemente relacionada con uno de los autores.

Distribución
Además de la localidad tipo en la costa de Eslovenia, la especie se ha citado sólo en la Península Ibérica (costas andaluzas, levantinas y catalanas), Canarias, Azores (Cervera et al. 2004) y Baleares (isla de Menorca). En Catalunya se ha observado en Es Caials, L’Escala y las Islas Medas.

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Otras fotos

Bibliografía

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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• BiologiaMarina.org
• Flickr pictures
• GROC
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• Sea Slug Forum
• World Register of Marine Species

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