Elysia timida

Elysia timida (Risso, 1818)

• Elysia viridis var. lactea Bergh, 1880
• Notarchus timidus Risso, 1818 (original)

Descripción
El cuerpo puede llegar hasta los 20 mm de longitud. La cabeza es alargada y presenta rinóforos enrollados largos y finos, en la base de los cuales se encuentran los ojos, concretamente en el lado externo. Los parapodios son triangulares. La zona cardiaca forma una ligera prominencia en el dorso anterior, justo en la zona donde se originan los parapodios. En el dorso se aprecian finas venas que convergen hacia la zona posterior del área cardíaca. El pie está hendido y bilobulado anteriormente. El color de fondo del cuerpo es blanquecino con abundantes puntuaciones de color rojo en la cabeza y en la cara externa de los parapodios. La cara interna de los parapodios es de color verde oscuro y del mismo color es una franja que recorre cada lado del cuerpo por debajo de la inserción de los parapodios y el tercio basal externo de cada rinóforo.

Biología
Este ascogloso vive en fondos rocosos someros con abundancia de algas fotófilas como Padina pavonica, Acetabularia acetabulum, Halopteris y Corallina. En estas comunidades, los ejemplares se suelen observar muy activos y cuando se desplazan lo hacen de manera muy característica, moviendo rítmicamente los rinóforos y los parapodios hacia delante y hacia atrás. Se alimenta de la clorofícea unicelular Acetabularia acetabulum (Acetabularia crenulata en el Caribe), de la cual retiene sus cloroplastos de manera funcional, obteniendo de esta manera el sacogloso una importante fuente de nutrientes orgánicos vía fotosintética. No obstante y debido a la abundancia de ejemplares que se observan en las costas catalanas durante el invierno (en ocasiones más de 100 ejemplares durante una inmersión), periodo en que los talos de A. acetabulum se encuentran reducidos a estipes de resistencia, es posible que también se alimente de alguna otra especie de alga. E. timida tiene desarrollo directo, careciendo de fase larvaria pelágica. En el cuerpo de E. timida se han encontrado sustancias del grupo de los polipropionatos de actividad ictiotóxica, que probablemente sintetiza el mismo animal (Gavagning et al. 1994).

Etimología

• Elysia es un nombre que proviene del latín Elyseum: elíseo, una “especie de paraíso” donde, segun las creencias del paganismo, tenían que ir las almas de aquellos que, al morir, merecían este premio”. Frieder Sauer comenta que Elysia significa celestial.
• Timida. Del latín “timidus” significa timido.

Distribución
Tradicionalmente considerada una especie endémica del Mediterráneo, donde había sido citada en la práctica totalidad de sus costas, desde las más orientales como Turquía, Israel o Grecia hasta las más occidentales (Italia, España). Elysia timida está presente en el Atlántico Occidental tropical (ha sido hallada en Cuba y Florida), por lo que tiene distribución anfi-Atlántica, pero posiblemente se debe a una introducción reciente de carácter antrópico (ver Carmona et al., 2011). También ha sido citada en São Tomé (Wirtz & Anker, 2009) y en Cabo Verde (Rolán, 2005). En la Península Ibérica se ha recolectado en la costa de Granada, en la costa levantina desde Almería hasta el Mar Menor y en el litoral catalán y balear. En las costas catalanas se encuentra muy extendida por todas las localidades donde haya su especie alimento, el alga unicelular Acetabularia acetabulum.

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Elysia timida

Fonts:
OBIS GROC 2010-2011 Enric Madrenas João Pedro Silva Bernard Picton GBIF	OPK VIMAR Manuel Ballesteros M@re Nostrum Altres fonts Marine Regions

Vídeo

Otras fotos

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Elysia timida @ Isla La Maddalena, Sassari, Sardegna (June 2013) by Guido Villani

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Elysia timida by Nani Díez

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1246567 Elysia timida 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 260 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

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