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Elysia translucens

Elysia translucens (Pruvot-Fol, 1957)

Elysia translucens @ L'Escala por Enric Madrenas

Información taxonómica WoRMS

Nombre aceptado actual: Elysia translucens Pruvot-Fol, 1957

Clasificación actual

SuperdomainBiota
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumMollusca
ClassGastropoda
SubclassHeterobranchia
InfraclassEuthyneura
SubterclassTectipleura
SuperorderSacoglossa
SuperfamilyPlakobranchoidea
FamilyPlakobranchidae
GenusElysia
SpeciesElysia translucens Pruvot-Fol, 1957

Clasificación proporcionada por el World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [139685]

Estatus taxonómico: Taxon inquirendum (según MolluscaBase, 2025)

Nota Taxonómica: Con respecto a la validez de Elysia translucens, Martín-Hervás et al. (2024) revisaron la bibliografia de esta especie. La descripción original de Pruvot-Fol (1957) se basó en un espécimen procedente de Banyuls-sur-Mer, Francia (mar Mediterráneo), preservado en formalina. Este espécimen presentaba una apariencia completamente translúcida, lo que llevó a la autora a proponerlo tentativamente como una nueva especie, aunque sin plena certeza. Sin embargo, la apariencia característica de este individuo, en comparación con otros especímenes de E. viridis que la misma autora también había fijado en formalina, llevó finalmente a la designación de E. translucens como una especie separada. Otros estudios han demostrado que los especímenes de E. viridis pueden exhibir una amplia variedad de colores, incluyendo verde oscuro, verde claro, marrón, amarillo o casi blanco, dependiendo de su dieta más reciente y del tiempo transcurrido desde su última alimentación (Rauch et al. 2018). Es posible que el “espécimen tipo” hubiera experimentado un período prolongado de inanición antes de ser recolectado, lo que, combinado con el efecto fijador de la formalina, podría explicar su apariencia translúcida. Martín-Hervás et al. (2024) también examinaron ilustraciones de rádulas publicadas por otros autores (Bouchet 1984; Thompson & Jaklin 1988), pero los resultados no fueron concluyentes, a pesar de ciertas diferencias en la rádula. Los autores nos sugieren que estas variaciones en la morfología radular podrían estar relacionadas con la dieta, como ya se habia descrito previamente para E. viridis (Jensen 1993; Rauch et al. 2018). Además, externamente, el espécimen de E. translucens ilustrado en Bouchet (1984) se asemeja mucho a E. rubeni y E. margaritae, y se representa sobre Flabellia petiolata, un sustrato en el que también se ha encontrado E. rubeni (Martín-Hervás et al. 2020). El dibujo de E. translucens en Thompson & Jaklin (1988) no proporciona características diagnósticas, ya que es idéntico al de E. viridis en Thompson (1981). Además, basándose en las descripciones, los especímenes identificados como E. translucens en los mares Adriático y Egeo podrían pertenecer a casi cualquier especie de Elysia, y la ilustración de un espécimen juvenil en Thompson & Jaklin (1988) se asemeja más a E. rubeni. Lamentablemente, no existe una descripción de la morfología externa o radular del espécimen identificado como E. translucens en el análisis molecular de Christa et al. (2014), ejemplar que también fue recolectado en Banyuls-sur-Mer. Sin embargo, todos los especímenes de esta localidad analizados por Martín-Hervás et al. (2024), incluida la secuencia de GenBank, se agruparon con especímenes de E. gordanae de otras localidades del Mediterráneo. Dada la información disponible actualmente sobre E. translucens, sigue sin estar claro si representa una especie distinta. En consecuencia, debe considerarse un taxon inquirendum.

Descripción
Cuerpo alargado, blando y aplanado dorsoventralmente. Completamente incoloro y translúcido bajo lupa binocular, incluyendo la zona pericárdica, rinóforos, cola, pie y divertículos digestivos. Solo se observan dos elementos pigmentados: los ojos negros, de forma piriforme, y una línea marginal fina, de color blanco nieve, que recorre el borde de los parapodios. Los rinóforos son cortos, enrollados lateralmente y carecen de pigmentación. Los parapodios son anchos y transparentes, mostrando únicamente el borde blanco. El pie es amplio, liso y completamente transparente. La glándula digestiva, que en otras especies de Elysia suele presentar tonalidades verdosas debido a los cloroplastos retenidos, carece totalmente de pigmento. Debido a la transparencia, algunas estructuras internas se aprecian tenuemente: el bulbo bucal es muy pequeño (mucho más desarrollado en E. viridis). La morfología radular es distintiva: los dientes son mucho más pequeños y puntiagudos, con una base de forma diferente, un “espolón” lateral (épéron) más prominente, y una cúspide central con denticulación más gruesa y marcada, observable incluso a pocos aumentos.

Biología
Hasta la fecha, no se han confirmado observaciones en vivo de Elysia translucens. La especie verdadera solo se conoce a partir del ejemplar tipo conservado. Basándose en especies afines del género Elysia, se presume que es bentónica y que habita zonas poco profundas con macroalgas. Su alimentación sería suctorial, extrayendo contenido celular de algas; sin embargo, no se ha observado evidencia de cleptoplastia (retención de cloroplastos), lo cual podría deberse a características específicas de la especie, o bien al ayuno, o a efectos del proceso de conservación. Pruvot-Fol descartó la hipótesis de despigmentación post-mortem, señalando que otros ejemplares de E. viridis del mismo lote conservaron su coloración, y que el ejemplar de E. translucens presentaba un desarrollo completo. Esto sugiere que la falta de pigmentación es un rasgo natural y no un artefacto.

Etimología

  • Elysia es un nombre que proviene del latín Elyseum: elíseo, una “especie de paraíso” donde, segun las creencias del paganismo, tenían que ir las almas de aquellos que, al morir, merecían este premio”. Frieder Sauer comenta que Elysia significa celestial.
  • Translucens. Del Latín “Translucentia”, transparencia.

Distribución
Conocida únicamente a partir del ejemplar original recolectado en Banyuls-sur-Mer, en el Mediterráneo occidental (Francia). No se han registrado citas confirmadas desde entonces. Algunas fuentes indican su posible presencia en distintas cuencas mediterráneas (mar de Alborán, Adriático, Jónico, Egeo, mar de Levante y plataforma tunecina), aunque siempre con reservas debido a la falta de observaciones vivas confirmadas y a la extrema rareza de la especie.

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Elysia translucens
Fonts:
OBIS
GROC 2010-2011
Enric Madrenas
João Pedro Silva
Bernard Picton
GBIF
OPK
VIMAR
Manuel Ballesteros
M@re Nostrum
Altres fonts
Marine Regions

Abundancia

Mediterráneo occidental: ★☆☆☆☆
Mediterráneo oriental: ☆☆☆☆☆
Océano Atlántico: ☆☆☆☆☆
Mes

Esta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Elysia translucens basada en nuestros propios registros.

Otras fotos

Elysia translucens
Elysia translucens
Elysia translucens by Enric Madrenas
Elysia translucens by Enric Madrenas
Elysia translucens by Enric Madrenas
Elysia translucens @ L’Escala by Enric Madrenas
Elysia translucens @ L’Escala by Enric Madrenas
Elysia translucens @ L’Escala by Enric Madrenas


Bibliografía

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    Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

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Pontes, Miquel (2025) "Elysia translucens" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 14/05/2012. Accedido: 27/07/2026. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=262)