Elysia translucens

Elysia translucens (Pruvot-Fol, 1957)

Nota taxonòmica: Pel que fa a la validesa de Elysia translucens, Martín-Hervás et al. (2024) han revisat la bibliografia sobre aquesta espècie. La descripció original de Pruvot-Fol (1957) es basava en un espècimen procedent de Banyuls-sur-Mer, França (mar Mediterrani), preservat en formalina. Aquest espècimen presentava una aparença completament translúcida, fet que va portar l’autora a proposar-lo provisionalment com una nova espècie, encara que sense plena certesa. No obstant això, l’aparença característica d’aquest individu, en comparació amb altres espècimens de E. viridis que la mateixa autora també havia fixat en formalina, va acabar donant lloc a la designació de E. translucens com una espècie separada. Altres estudis han demostrat que els espècimens de E. viridis poden mostrar una àmplia varietat de colors, com ara verd fosc, verd clar, marró, groc o gairebé blanc, en funció de la seva dieta més recent i del temps transcorregut des de l’última alimentació (Rauch et al. 2018). És possible que l’”espècimen tipus” hagués experimentat un període prolongat d’inanició abans de ser recol·lectat, fet que, combinat amb l’efecte fixador de la formalina, podria explicar la seva aparença translúcida. Martín-Hervás et al. (2024) també van examinar il·lustracions de rádules publicades per altres autors (Bouchet 1984; Thompson & Jaklin 1988), però els resultats no van ser concloents, tot i que es van observar certes diferències radulars. Els autors suggereixen que aquestes variacions en la morfologia radular podrien estar relacionades amb la dieta, com ja s’havia descrit prèviament per a E. viridis (Jensen 1993; Rauch et al. 2018). A més, externament, l’espècimen de E. translucens il·lustrat per Bouchet (1984) s’assembla molt a E. rubeni i E. margaritae, i es representa sobre Flabellia petiolata, un substrat on també s’ha trobat E. rubeni (Martín-Hervás et al. 2020). El dibuix de E. translucens en Thompson & Jaklin (1988) no proporciona característiques diagnòstiques, ja que és idèntic al de E. viridis en Thompson (1981). A més, basant-se en les descripcions disponibles, els espècimens identificats com E. translucens als mars Adriàtic i Egeu podrien pertànyer a gairebé qualsevol espècie d’Elysia, i la il·lustració d’un espècimen juvenil en Thompson & Jaklin (1988) s’assembla més a E. rubeni. Malauradament, no hi ha una descripció de la morfologia externa o radular de l’espècimen identificat com E. translucens en l’anàlisi molecular de Christa et al. (2014), el qual també va ser recol·lectat a Banyuls-sur-Mer. No obstant això, tots els espècimens d’aquesta localitat analitzats per Martín-Hervás et al. (2024), inclosa la seqüència de GenBank, es van agrupar amb espècimens d’E. gordanae d’altres localitats del Mediterrani. D’acord amb la informació disponible actualment sobre E. translucens, encara no està clar si representa una espècie diferent. En conseqüència, s’ha de considerar un taxon inquirendum.

Descripció
Cos allargat, tou i aplanat dorsoventralment. Totalment incolor i translúcid sota lupa binocular, incloent-hi la zona pericàrdica, rinòfors, cua, peu i diverticles digestius. Només són visibles dues estructures pigmentades: els ulls negres i piriformes, i una línia marginal molt fina, de color blanc neu, que recorre el contorn dels parapodis. Els rinòfors són curts, enrotllats lateralment i no pigmentats. Els parapodis són amples i clars, mostrant només la vora blanca. El peu és ample, llis i completament transparent. La glàndula digestiva, habitualment verdosa en altres espècies d’Elysia a causa dels cloroplasts retinguts, no mostra cap mena de pigmentació. Gràcies a la transparència, algunes estructures internes es poden observar de forma tènue: el bulb bucal és molt petit (molt més gran en E. viridis). La morfologia radular és característica: les dents són més petites i afilades, amb una base diferent, un esperó lateral (épéron) més destacat, i una cúspide central amb serració més gruixuda i marcada, visible fins i tot a pocs augments.

Biologia
Fins ara no s’han confirmat observacions en viu d’Elysia translucens. L’espècie només es coneix a partir de l’exemplar tipus conservat. A partir del que se sap d’altres espècies properes del gènere Elysia, es creu que és bentònica i associada a hàbitats de macroalgues en aigües somes. L’alimentació seria per succió de cèl·lules algals; no obstant això, no s’han detectat signes de cleptoplàstia (retenció de cloroplasts), la qual cosa podria deure’s a característiques específiques de l’espècie, o bé a l’estat de dejuni, o a la conservació. Pruvot-Fol va rebutjar la hipòtesi de despigmentació post mortem, observant que altres exemplars d’E. viridis del mateix lot havien conservat la coloració, i que l’exemplar d’E. translucens semblava totalment desenvolupat. Això indicaria que l’absència de pigmentació és un tret natural i no un artefacte.

Etimologia

• Elysia és un nom que prové del llatí Elyseum: elisi, una “mena de paradís” on, segons les creències del paganisme, havien d’anar les ànimes dels qui, en morir, mereixien aquest premi”. Frieder Sauer comenta que Elysia significa celestial.
• Translucens. Del Llatí “Translucentia”, transparència.

Distribució
Només es coneix per l’exemplar original recollit a Banyuls-sur-Mer, al Mediterrani occidental (França). No s’han registrat observacions confirmades des d’aleshores. Algunes fonts apunten a la seva possible presència en diverses conques mediterrànies (mar d’Alboran, Adriàtic, Jònic, Egeu, mar de Llevant i plataforma tunisiana), tot i que amb molta precaució degut a l’absència d’observacions vives i l’extrema raresa de l’espècie.

Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Elysia translucens

Fonts:
OBIS GROC 2010-2011 Enric Madrenas João Pedro Silva Bernard Picton GBIF	OPK VIMAR Manuel Ballesteros M@re Nostrum Altres fonts Marine Regions

Altres fotos

Elysia translucens

Elysia translucens

Elysia translucens by Enric Madrenas

Elysia translucens by Enric Madrenas

Elysia translucens by Enric Madrenas

Elysia translucens @ L’Escala by Enric Madrenas

Elysia translucens @ L’Escala by Enric Madrenas

Elysia translucens @ L’Escala by Enric Madrenas

Bibliografia

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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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