Antiopella cristata (Delle Chiaje, 1841)
Información taxonómica WoRMS
Nombre aceptado actual: Antiopella cristata (Delle Chiaje, 1841)
Clasificación actual
| Superdomain | Biota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Mollusca |
| Class | Gastropoda |
| Subclass | Heterobranchia |
| Infraclass | Euthyneura |
| Subterclass | Ringipleura |
| Superorder | Nudipleura |
| Order | Nudibranchia |
| Suborder | Janolina |
| Superfamily | Proctonotoidea |
| Family | Janolidae |
| Genus | Antiopella |
| Species | Antiopella cristata (Delle Chiaje, 1841) |
- Antiopa splendida Alder & Hancock, 1848
- Janolus cristatus (Delle Chiaje, 1841)
- Eolidia cristata Delle Chiaje, 1841
- Eolis cristata Delle Chiaje, 1841 (original)
- Janus spinolae Vérany, 1846
Nota taxonómica: Un estudio publicado por Pola, Hallas y Gosliner (2019) intenta abordar las incertidumbres que históricamente presentaban los miembros de la familia Proctonotidae, analizando cuatro especies aparentemente no descritas de Madrellidae y Proctonotidae del Indo-Pacífico mediante detalladas técnicas morfológicas y moleculares. Los resultados, aunque no son totalmente concluyentes debido a que no se han podido analizar muestras de todos los grupos implicados, indican claramente que debe reinstaurarse la familia Janolidae eliminando, de hecho, su sinonimia con la familia Proctonotidae. Dentro de los Janolidae habría dos clados bien soportados: uno que incluye las especies con ceratas lisas que se encuentran en los océanos Atlántico y Pacífico Oriental, entre los que se halla la especie Janolus cristatus que, junto con otras especies, conformarían el género Antiopella y, por otro lado, un clado hermano que incluiría otras especies que tradicionalmente pertenecen a los géneros Janolus Bergh, 1884 y Bonisa Gosliner, 1981. Un resumen más detallado del trabajo puede leerse en la página de VIMAR.
Descripción
Este nudibranquio suele medir alrededor de 25 mm de longitud aunque se ha citado un tamaño máximo de 80 mm. El cuerpo es de coloración general marrón claro bastante translúcido, dejando ver en su interior algunos órganos internos y las prolongaciones de la glándula digestiva. El dorso está recorrido desde la cola por 1 línea longitudinal blanca, irisada algunas veces de azul, que en la zona anterior del dorso se bifurca en dos. La paredes laterales del cuerpo pueden tener también manchas de la misma tonalidad. Los rinóforos son del mismo color que el cuerpo y tienen laminillas muy oblicuas, el ápice es blanquecino. Las bases alaminares de los rinóforos salen juntas del dorso de la cabeza y entre ellas existe una estructura denominada carúncula nucal de color marrón y de superficie rugosa cuya misión parece ser de tipo sensorial. Los ojos se encuentran en la base de cada rinóforo. Lo más característico de esta especie es la existencia de numerosas papilas o cerata en el dorso que la hacen parecer un nudibranquio eolidáceo. Sin embargo, estas papilas se presentan alrededor de todo el cuerpo, incluida la zona anterior de la cabeza, y aunque tienen ramificaciones de la glándula digestiva en su interior carecen de cnidosaco en su extremo, como tienen los eolidáceos. Las papilas son alargadas, algo más abombadas en su región central, y son translúcidas, con el ápice de color blanco-azulado. Son contráctiles, pudiendo alargarse o encogerse adquiriendo una forma globosa, según el estado del animal. Las papilas que nacen más cerca del pie son mucho más pequeñas que las situadas más dorsalmente. En el interior de cada papila se observa la ramificación de la glándula digestiva en forma de un cordón fino recto de color marrón, que en su extremo más apical se ramifica. El ano se encuentra en el extremo de una papila anal cilíndrica, blanquecina y translúcida que se encuentra situada en la zona dorsal y posterior del cuerpo; el borde superior de la papila anal está ligeramente lobulado.
Biología
Esta especie vive en paredes rocosas bien iluminadas entre 10 y 45 m de profundidad (Đani Iglić, com.pers.). Ocasionalmente aparece bajo piedras o a menor profundidad. En general se suele encontrar en las cercanías o sobre diferentes especies de briozoos, de los que se alimenta. En la bibliografía se ha citado como substrato o alimento de esta especie a briozoos como Alcyonidium gelatinosum, Bicellariella ciliata, diferentes especies de Bugula (B. avicularia, B. flabellata, B. neritina, B. turbinata) y Cellaria sp. La puesta está constituida por un cordón largo y fino colocado de manera ondulada; los huevos tienen un tamaño de unas 80 micras y son de color rosado, habiendo varios de ellos en una misma cápsula ovígera. Cuando los animales son molestados son capaces de autotomizar las papilas, que siguen contrayéndose y estirándose después de desprenderse del cuerpo posiblemente como mecanismo defensivo. Frecuentemente los ejemplares de A. cristata tienen como ectoparásito al copépodo Doridicola agilis.
Etimología
- Antiopella hace referencia a Antíope (en griego antiguo Άντίοπη), según la mitología griega, una hija de Eolo.
- Cristata se refiere a que tiene cresta, según Bernard PICTON en su libro “Nudibranchs of The British Isles”.
Distribución
Esta especie aparece distribuida por todas las costas europeas, desde el Mar del Norte hasta el Mediterráneo, también en Canarias, Madeira y Azores. En la Península Ibérica ha sido citada en todas sus áreas costeras, tanto atlánticas como mediterráneas. En Cataluña es relativamente frecuente en diferentes localidades de la Costa Brava.
Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Antiopella cristata
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Especies similares
Por sus características, es inconfundible.
Abundancia
| Mediterráneo occidental: | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Mediterráneo oriental: | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Océano Atlántico: | ★★★☆☆ |
Mes
Esta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Antiopella cristata basada en nuestros propios registros.
Vídeos
Otras fotos
Antiopella cristata by Enric Madrenas
Antiopella cristata by Enric Madrenas
Antiopella cristata by Enric Madrenas
Antiopella cristata by Enric Madrenas
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Antiopella cristata
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Antiopella cristata @ Astakos Divesite, Ammouliani island, Halkidiki, Greece 29-05-2014 by Yiannis Iliopoulos
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Antiopella cristata@ Es Caials, Cadaqués, Spain 3-06-2000 by Lluís Aguilar & Albert Ollé
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Antiopella cristata @ Illa Galera, El Port de la Selva, Spain 9-05-2009 by Miquel Pontes
Antiopella cristata @ Illa Galera, El Port de la Selva, Spain 9-05-2009 by Miquel Pontes
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Antiopella cristata by Nani Díez
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Antiopella cristata @ France by Pascal Girard
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Antiopella cristata @ Costa Brava by Manuel Ballesteros
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Antiopella cristata @ Granada by Luis Sánchez Tocino
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Antiopella cristata
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https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.
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Cervera, J. L., García-Gómez, J. C. (1986). Moluscos opistobranquios del litoral occidental andaluz: nuevas aportaciones faunísticas. Iberus 6 (2): 201-207.
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Más información
- AsturNatura
- Biodiversity Heritage Library
- BiologiaMarina.org
- CIB - Club Immersio Biologia
- DORIS
- El Litoral de Granada
- Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
- Estran 22 - Faune et flore de la zone de balancement des marées en Côtes d'Armor
- Flickr pictures
- GROC
- Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
- M@re Nostrum
- NCBI GenBank
- OBIS - Search by Taxon
- Scottish Nudibranchs
- Sea Slug Forum
- World Register of Marine Species
Citar este artículo como:
Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2025) "Antiopella cristata" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 16/05/2012. Accedido: 27/07/2026. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=554)
