Inicio Guía de Opistobranquios Nudibranchia Aeolidioidea Flabellinidae Paraflabellina ischitana

Paraflabellina ischitana

Paraflabellina ischitana (Hirano & Thompson, 1990)

Paraflabellina ischitana por Enric Madrenas

Información taxonómica WoRMS

El nombre solicitado Paraflabellina ischitana no está actualmente aceptado (superseded combination).
Nombre aceptado actual: Flabellina ischitana (Y. Hirano & T. E. Thompson, 1990)

Clasificación actual

SuperdomainBiota
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumMollusca
ClassGastropoda
SubclassHeterobranchia
InfraclassEuthyneura
SubterclassRingipleura
SuperorderNudipleura
OrderNudibranchia
SuborderAeolidina
SuperfamilyFionoidea
FamilyFlabellinidae
GenusFlabellina
SpeciesFlabellina ischitana (Y. Hirano & T. E. Thompson, 1990)

Clasificación proporcionada por el World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [139992]

Nota taxonómica: La clasificación de los Flabellinidae había permanecido bastante estable hasta que en 2017 aparecieron una serie de trabajos (Furfaro et al. 2017; Korshunova et al. 2017) que pretendían aclarar el estatus de la familia Flabellinidae. El objetivo principal del trabajo de Furfaro et al. era caracterizar molecularmente las especies mediterráneas mientras que el trabajo de Korshunova et al. pretendía ahondar en las relaciones filogenéticas entre diversos miembros de la familia Flabellinidae y las demás familias de los aeolidáceos.
Ambos trabajos se basaban en la combinación de técnicas moleculares y morfologicas y, de hecho, no ofrecen resultados muy distintos, pero sí difieren en el tamaño y procedencia de las muestras estudiadas y, sobre todo, en la interpretación de dichos resultados. Tras la aparición del trabajo de Furfaro et al., muchas especies Mediterráneas de los géneros Calmella, Flabellina y Piseinotecus se agruparon bajo el género común Flabellina, pero tuvieron determinados problemas con algunas especies que no encajaban bien con la clasificación propuesta (p.e. Flabellina babai), descubrieron que las poblaciones mediterránea y atlántica de Flabellina ischitana corresponden en realidad a dos especies cripticas diferentes, y constataron los problemas del grupo críptico Calmella cavolini / Flabellina confusa / Piseinotecus gaditanuspor lo que indicaron la necesidad de nuevos estudios para aclarar su estatus.
Curiosamente estos estudios se estaban llevando prácticamente en paralelo por el grupo de Korshunova et al. pero sobre una muestra de especies mucho más amplia y que comprendía ejemplares del Ártico, Atlántico norte, océano Pacífico e Índico. Este segundo trabajo confirma la polifília de la familia Flabellinidae, pero su forma de interpretar los resultados representa una verdadera revolución para la taxonomía de los aeolidáceos, especialmente para la familia Flabellinidae.
Ambos trabajos observan que hay dos clados (grupos) bien diferenciados de Flabellinidae: el de Coryphella pedata y similares, con cerata que salen directamente del dorso, y el de Flabellina affinis y similares, que tienen los cerata de cada grupo pedunculados. Aunque Furfaro et al. consideran a las especies de ambos clados pertenecientes al género Flabellina dentro de la familia Flabellinidae, Korshunova et al. diferencia dos familias: Coryphellidae y Flabellinidae sensu stricto, creando además multitud de géneros diferentes en estas familias para incluir a las especies que estudian. Su propuesta taxonómica, curiosamente, da respuesta a los problemas hallados por Furfaro et al.
En cierta manera ambos trabajos se complementan, si bien en el trabajo de Korshunova et al. se evidencia la falta de estudios sobre las especies de flabellinidos tropicales y del sur de América y África, por lo que aún no se ha dicho la última palabra. La propuesta de creación de nuevos géneros para reunir pequeños grupos de especies, en vez de géneros multiespecíficos, parece ser la tendencia en algunos de los trabajos filogenéticos de los últimos años. Puede consultarse una discusión detallada de esta apasionante controversia en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/flabellinidae/).

Sinónimos

  • Flabellina ischitana  Hirano & Thompson, 1990

Descripción
Esta especie de eolidáceo puede alcanzar un tamaño de hasta 25 mm de longitud. El color de su cuerpo es rosado o púrpura- violáceo homogéneo excepto la punta de los rinóforos y tentáculos orales, que son blancos, y los cerata, en cuyo interior se puede ver la glándula digestiva de color rojo anaranjado o marrón, según los ejemplares. Los rinóforos tienen de 12 a 19 finas laminillas circulares. En los ejemplares más grandes pueden verse hasta 9 grupos de ceratas a cada lado del dorso, en general bien separados unos de otros. Los ceratas de cada grupo salen de un pedúnculo común del mismo color del cuerpo, que puede estar dividido a su vez en 2-3 pedúnculos secundarios en los grupos de ceratas situados más anteriormente. Los ceratas son finos y acaban en un extremo afilado blanquecino, donde se puede ver el cnidosaco. Los orificios genital y anal se encuentran a la derecha del cuerpo, el genital situado poco antes del primer pedúnculo ceratal y el anal algo por delante del segundo grupo de ceratas. El pie es estrecho, del mismo color del cuerpo y, en su región anterior, diferencia dos pequeños tentáculos propodiales de forma triangular. La cola es corta y estrecha.

Biología
Este activo eolidáceo suele vivir a poca profundidad, donde se encuentra su especie alimento, el hidrozooa atecado del género Eudendrium (E. racemosum, E. glomeratum), pero también ha sido observado hasta una profundidad de 35 m (Hirano & Thompson, 1990). Puede compartir substrato y alimento con Flabellina affinis, una especie algo más grande y con la que puede confundirse fácilmente. Cervera et al. (1998) indican las principales diferencias entre estas dos especies. Las puestas de P. ischitana tienen forma de un cordón grueso dispuesto de manera ondulada e irregular y que contiene huevos rosados de unas 70 micras de diámetro.

Etimología

  • Paraflabellina, del griego παρα (=junto, adyancente) y Flabellina, en referencia a su similitud externa con las especies del género Flabellina, aunque tengan resultados moleculares dispares.
  • Flabellina. Diminutivo del Latín “flabellum”, abanico.
  • Ischitana. De la isla de Ischia, en el mar Tirreno, en el golfo de Nápoles; donde se citó por primera vez este nudibranquio.

Distribución
P. ischitana es una especie del sur de Europa que vive en las dos cuencas del Mediterráneo. En la Península Ibérica se ha encontrado en Portugal, la zona del Estrecho de Gibraltar y en todo el litoral mediterráneo. En Catalunya es una especie relativamente frecuente que se ha registrado en diferentes localidades de la Costa Brava como Cadaqués, Cala Aiguablava (Begur), L´Escala y Tossa de Mar.

Citas georeferenciadas conocidas de la especie: Paraflabellina ischitana
Fonts:
OBIS
GROC 2010-2011
Enric Madrenas
João Pedro Silva
Bernard Picton
GBIF
OPK
VIMAR
Manuel Ballesteros
M@re Nostrum
Altres fonts
Marine Regions

Especies similares
Flabellina affinis, muy parecida, con los cerata con las puntas violeta. Edmundsella pedata, con los rinóforos lisos y los cerata saliendo del cuerpo, no de pedúnculos dorsales.

Abundancia

Mediterráneo occidental: ★★★☆☆
Mediterráneo oriental: ★★☆☆☆
Océano Atlántico: ★☆☆☆☆
Mes

Esta gráfica muestra la probabilidad de observación mensual de Paraflabellina ischitana basada en nuestros propios registros.

Videos

 

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Bibliografía

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    Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

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Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2025) "Paraflabellina ischitana" en OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicado: 17/05/2012. Accedido: 27/07/2026. Disponible en (https://opistobranquis.info/es/?p=601)