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Elysia margaritae

Elysia margaritae De Fez, 1962

Elysia margaritae Fez, 1962 @ Salento, Italy per Fabio Vitale

Informació taxonòmica WoRMS

Nom acceptat actual: Elysia margaritae Fez, 1962

Classificació actual

SuperdomainBiota
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumMollusca
ClassGastropoda
SubclassHeterobranchia
InfraclassEuthyneura
SubterclassTectipleura
SuperorderSacoglossa
SuperfamilyPlakobranchoidea
FamilyPlakobranchidae
GenusElysia
SpeciesElysia margaritae Fez, 1962

Classificació proporcionada pel World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [182791]

Nota Taxonòmica: Aquesta és una espècie rara de sacoglòs la identitat taxonòmica de la qual ha estat qüestionada a causa de la manca d’observacions confirmades des de la seva descripció original. No obstant això, la localitat tipus d’Elysia margaritae (port de València, costa est d’Espanya) ha estat fortament modificada per impactes antropogènics des que De Fez (1962) va trobar tres espècimens grans d’aquesta espècie. Els tres espècimens d’E. margaritae reportats per Martín-Hervás et al. (2024) van ser recollits a Lecce, al sud-est d’Itàlia, i coincidien amb la descripció original de De Fez (1962), però amb lleugeres diferències en la morfologia radular: De Fez va identificar dents radulars amb una vora tallant inferior llisa en l’espècimen disseccionat, però, en contrast, Martín-Hervás et al. (2024) van utilitzar microscòpia electrònica de rastreig (SEM) i van observar petits denticles fins al llarg de la vora, que probablement van passar desapercebuts en les observacions originals amb lupa binocular. Els espècimens recentment recollits van ser seqüenciats i es van agrupar filogenèticament amb un altre espècimen de GenBank prèviament identificat com Elysia translucens (voucher #845), recollit a Banyuls-sur-Mer, França (Christa et al., 2014). Aquestes anàlisis recents, tant moleculars com morfològiques, confirmen la separació d’E. margaritae respecte a Elysia gordanae per una divergència del 14,2 % en el gen COI (Martín-Hervás et al., 2024), malgrat la sinonimització prèvia per part d’Ortea et al. (1997; 2017). Les característiques clau que diferencien E. margaritae inclouen vores parapodials llises, un cos de color verd brillant amb petites taques blau clar i diferències en la morfologia radular.

Descripció
Cos relativament llarg i ample, afinant-se lleugerament cap a l’extrem posterior, amb una longitud màxima registrada de 15 mm (Martín-Hervás et al., 2024) i 40 mm (De Fez, 1962). La seva coloració és verdosa, amb petites taques blau clar disposades de manera irregular als costats intern i extern dels parapodis i al cap. També poden estar presents alguns punts blancs dispersos al cap i als costats dels parapodis. Els parapodis són grans, s’estenen fins a l’extrem posterior del cos i presenten vores ondulades. Els rinòfors són relativament llargs, enrotllats i truncats a l’extrem, i comparteixen la coloració verda uniforme del cos. Els ulls són petits i estan situats darrere dels rinòfors. La prominència renopericàrdica dorsal és arrodonida, amb dos “vasos” que irradien des de cada costat i es ramifiquen de manera irregular a la cara interna de cada parapodi. La sola del peu és lleugerament més estreta que el cos, de coloració més clara que el dors, i s’estreny fins a un extrem posterior arrodonit.

Biologia
Elysia margaritae habita en zones infralitorals a profunditats de fins a 15 metres. Ha estat registrada en diverses localitzacions costaneres d’Itàlia i França, tot i que continua sent una espècie extremadament rara. Com a sacoglòs, es presumeix que E. margaritae practica cleptoplàstia, alimentant-se d’espècies d’algues específiques i retenint els cloroplasts funcionals dins del cos per a la fotosíntesi. No obstant això, encara no s’han documentat les seves preferències dietètiques exactes. Es coneix poc sobre la seva biologia reproductiva. Com altres espècies d’Elysia, és hermafrodita, participa en còpula recíproca i diposita masses d’ous en substrats d’algues.

Espècies Similars

  • Elysia gordanae. Presenta pústules blanques conspícues a les vores parapodials i als costats, absents a la vora parapodial llisa d’E. margaritae. Els adults d’E. gordanae solen mesurar menys de 10 mm, mentre que E. margaritae ha assolit una mida màxima registrada de 40 mm, tot i que els espècimens recentment trobats a Itàlia mesuraven 15 mm. La coloració general del cos d’E. gordanae és verd translúcid amb taques superficials iridescents de color vermell, blanc i blau, que a vegades li donen un aspecte ataronjat. En canvi, E. margaritae presenta un color de fons verd brillant amb petites taques blau clar disposades de manera irregular al costat extern dels parapodis.

Etimologia

  • Elysia. És un nom femení d’origen llatí, derivat d’Elysium, terme mitològic que fa referència a la llar dels benaurats, coneguda com els “Camps Elisis”. El nom Elysia també significa “jurament de Déu” en hebreu. Frieder Sauer esmenta que Elysia significa “celestial”.
  • Margaritae. En honor de Margarita Ibáñez, qui va obtenir molts especímens per a la col·lecció de l’autor (De Fez, 1962).

Distribució
Elysia margaritae es coneix únicament al mar Mediterrani, amb registres confirmats a València, Espanya (De Fez, 1962; localitat tipus), Banyuls-sur-Mer, França (Christa et al., 2014, com Elysia translucens), i múltiples llocs al llarg de les costes occidental i oriental de la Puglia, Itàlia (Furfaro et al., 2020; Martín-Hervás et al., 2024). Els altres registres atlàntics i mediterranis corresponen a altres espècies, a causa de la incorrecta sinonimització d’Ortea et al. (1997, 2017) amb Elysia gordanae.

Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Elysia margaritae
Fonts:
OBIS
GROC 2010-2011
Enric Madrenas
João Pedro Silva
Bernard Picton
GBIF
OPK
VIMAR
Manuel Ballesteros
M@re Nostrum
Altres fonts
Marine Regions

Abundància

Mediterrània occidental: ★☆☆☆☆
Mediterrània oriental: ☆☆☆☆☆
Oceà Atlàntic: ☆☆☆☆☆
Mes

Aquesta gràfica mostra la probabilitat d’observació mensual de Elysia margaritae basada en els nostres propis registres.

Altres fotos

Elysia margaritae Fez, 1962 @ Salento, Italy by Fabio Vitale
Elysia margaritae @ Port of Valencia, Spain. Drawing by Siro de Fez (1974)

Bibliografia

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    Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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Pontes, Miquel (2025) "Elysia margaritae" a OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicat: 22/03/2025. Accedit: 27/07/2026. Disponible a (https://opistobranquis.info/ca/?p=46319)