Haminella solitaria

Haminella solitaria (Say, 1822)

• Bulla solitaria Say, 1822
• Haminea solitaria (Say, 1822)
• Haminoea solitaria (Say, 1822)

Descripción
Haminella solitaria (Say, 1822) es un pequeño gasterópodo cefalaspídeo de la familia Haminoeidae, cuyo cuerpo puede alcanzar aproximadamente 20 mm de longitud cuando está completamente extendido. Presenta una concha interna, fina, frágil y translúcida, parcialmente cubierta por los tejidos del animal, de aspecto generalmente blanquecino o amarillento cuando está limpia. El cuerpo suele presentar tonalidades pardas o grisáceas, con un escudo cefálico bien desarrollado cuyo extremo posterior está profundamente dividido en dos lóbulos. Los ojos pueden quedar poco visibles u ocultos por el tejido cefálico en los ejemplares adultos. Los parapodios son amplios y pueden encontrarse dorsalmente en la línea media. La identificación exclusivamente mediante caracteres externos debe realizarse con precaución debido a la semejanza con otras especies de Haminoeidae, por lo que en casos dudosos resulta recomendable recurrir a caracteres anatómicos y, especialmente, a técnicas moleculares.

Biología
Es una especie bentónica que vive principalmente en aguas someras y ambientes costeros protegidos, sobre fondos blandos y en zonas asociadas a vegetación marina, estuarios, lagunas y áreas portuarias. Su alimentación es principalmente micrófaga y se basa en pequeños organismos asociados al sustrato, entre los que destacan las diatomeas. Como otros Haminoeidae es hermafrodita y produce masas de huevos gelatinosas, generalmente de forma aproximadamente esférica, que quedan fijadas al sustrato mediante un pequeño pedúnculo. En las poblaciones europeas conocidas se han observado puestas principalmente durante los meses cálidos. La especie puede pasar fácilmente desapercibida debido a su pequeño tamaño y a su coloración poco llamativa.

Etimología

• Haminella. Deriva de Haminoea, género en el que esta especie fue incluida tradicionalmente, con el sufijo diminutivo latino -ella, utilizado para indicar una forma relacionada pero diferenciada.
• Solitaria. Del latín solitarius, «solitario» o «aislado», en referencia probablemente a la apariencia o al modo de vida observado por Thomas Say cuando describió la especie.

Distribución
Haminella solitaria es originaria del Atlántico noroccidental, donde se distribuye desde el golfo de San Lorenzo y Nueva Escocia hasta la costa oriental de Estados Unidos y Florida. Se considera una especie introducida en Europa, donde el primer registro conocido corresponde a la costa alemana del Báltico, concretamente en la bahía de Wismar, donde fue encontrada en agosto de 2016 (Wranik & Malaquias, 2018). Posteriormente fue localizada en Dinamarca, donde se confirmó su establecimiento a partir de 2020 (Jensen, 2022), mientras que en Suecia ya existía una observación potencial en Tjärnö en 2017, mencionada por Wranik y Malaquias (2018), y su presencia en la zona fue confirmada posteriormente en 2025, con ejemplares vivos, puestas y evidencias de ADN ambiental. En la península ibérica se dispone de un hallazgo en Cádiz cuyo material fotográfico presenta caracteres morfológicos compatibles con Haminella solitaria y ha sido revisado favorablemente por especialistas, pero el registro continúa siendo provisional a la espera de confirmación mediante análisis genético. Si esta identificación fuese confirmada, representaría una ampliación considerable hacia el sur del área de distribución europea conocida de la especie.

No disponemos aún de citas georeferenciadas para la especie: Haminella solitaria.

Otras fotos

Haminella solitaria @ Cádiz, Spain by Javi Sánchez Escarcena

1246567 Haminella solitaria 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 48714 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

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