Haminella solitaria

Haminella solitaria (Say, 1822)

• Bulla solitaria Say, 1822
• Haminea solitaria (Say, 1822)
• Haminoea solitaria (Say, 1822)

Descripció
Haminella solitaria (Say, 1822) és un petit gasteròpode cefalaspidi de la família Haminoeidae, el cos del qual pot assolir aproximadament 20 mm de longitud quan està completament estès. Presenta una conquilla interna, fina, fràgil i translúcida, parcialment coberta pels teixits de l’animal, d’aspecte generalment blanquinós o groguenc quan està neta. El cos sol presentar tonalitats brunenques o grisenques, amb un escut cefàlic ben desenvolupat l’extrem posterior del qual està profundament dividit en dos lòbuls. Els ulls poden ser poc visibles o quedar ocults pels teixits cefàlics en els exemplars adults. Els parapodis són amplis i poden trobar-se dorsalment a la línia mitjana. La identificació basada exclusivament en els caràcters externs s’ha de fer amb precaució a causa de la semblança amb altres espècies d’Haminoeidae, per la qual cosa, en casos dubtosos, és recomanable recórrer a caràcters anatòmics i, especialment, a tècniques moleculars.

Biologia
És una espècie bentònica que viu principalment en aigües somes i ambients costaners protegits, sobre fons tous i en zones associades a vegetació marina, estuaris, llacunes i àrees portuàries. La seva alimentació és principalment micròfaga i es basa en petits organismes associats al substrat, entre els quals destaquen les diatomees. Com altres Haminoeidae, és hermafrodita i produeix masses d’ous gelatinoses, generalment de forma aproximadament esfèrica, que queden fixades al substrat mitjançant un petit peduncle. A les poblacions europees conegudes s’han observat postes principalment durant els mesos càlids. L’espècie pot passar fàcilment desapercebuda a causa de la seva mida petita i la seva coloració poc vistosa.

Etimologia

• Haminella. Deriva de Haminoea, gènere en el que aquesta espècie havia estat inclosa tradicionalment, amb el sufix diminutiu llatí -ella, utilitzat per a indicar una forma relacionada però diferenciada.
• Solitaria. Del llatí solitarius, «sol·litari» o «aïllat», en referència probablement a l’aparença o al mode de vida observat per Thomas Say quan va descriure l’espècie.

Distribució
Haminella solitaria és originària de l’Atlàntic nord-occidental, on es distribueix des del golf de Sant Llorenç i Nova Escòcia fins a la costa oriental dels Estats Units i Florida. Es considera una espècie introduïda a Europa, on el primer registre conegut correspon a la costa alemanya del Bàltic, concretament a la badia de Wismar, on va ser trobada l’agost de 2016 (Wranik & Malaquias, 2018). Posteriorment va ser localitzada a Dinamarca, on es va confirmar el seu establiment a partir de 2020 (Jensen, 2022), i a Suècia ja existia una observació potencial a Tjärnö de 2017, esmentada per Wranik i Malaquias (2018), mentre que la seva presència a la zona va ser confirmada posteriorment el 2025, amb exemplars vius, postes i evidències d’ADN ambiental. A la península Ibèrica es disposa d’una troballa a Cadis el material fotogràfic de la qual presenta caràcters morfològics compatibles amb Haminella solitaria i ha estat revisat favorablement per especialistes, però el registre continua sent provisional a l’espera de confirmació mitjançant anàlisi genètica. Si aquesta identificació fos confirmada, representaria una ampliació considerable cap al sud de l’àrea de distribució europea coneguda de l’espècie.

No disposem encara de cites georeferenciades per a l'espècie: Haminella solitaria.

Altres fotos

Haminella solitaria @ Cádiz, Spain by Javi Sánchez Escarcena

Bibliografia

1246567 Haminella solitaria 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 48714 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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