Cavolinia inflexa

Cavolinia inflexa (Lesueur, 1813)

Cavolinia inflexa @ SE Florida por Linda Ianniello

Nota taxonómica: El complejo de especies Cavolinia inflexa ha sido objeto de varias interpretaciones taxonómicas (Boas, 1886; van der Spoel, 1967; Rampal, 2002). Se han descrito varias formas (o subespecies) relacionadas, de las cuales tres parecen estar actualmente aceptadas: C. inflexa (Lesueur, 1813), C. inflexa imitans (Pfeffer, 1880) y C. labiata (d’Orbigny, 1835). Cada una de ellas ha sido tratada en la literatura como especie independiente, subespecie o forma, a pesar de que Van der Spoel & Pierrot-Bults (1998) publicaron un estudio sobre especímenes de C. inflexa de distintas partes del mundo en el que afirman que no hay una base válida para subdividir esta especie en diferentes taxones.

Sinónimos

• Hyalaea inflexa Lesueur, 1813
• Archonta explorata de Montfort, 1810
• Cavolinia curvata Grieg, 1924
• Cavolinia inflexa f. inflexa (Lesueur, 1813)
• Cavolinia inflexa inflexa (Lesueur, 1813)
• Cleodora curvata Souleyet, 1852
• Cleodora pleuropa Souleyet, 1852
• Hyalaea depressa d’Orbigny, 1834
• Hyalaea elongata Lesueur, 1821
• Hyalaea inflexa var. lata Boas, 1886
• Hyalaea inflexa var. longa Boas, 1886
• Hyalaea labiata d’Orbigny, 1834
• Hyalaea vaginellina Cantraine, 1835
• Pleuropus pellucidus Eschscholtz, 1825
• Cavolinia inflexa f. imitans (Pfeffer, 1880) aceptada como Cavolinia inflexa imitans (Pfeffer, 1880)
• Cavolinia inflexa labiata (A. d’Orbigny, 1835) aceptada como Cavolinia labiata (A. d’Orbigny, 1835)

Descripción
La concha de Cavolinia inflexa es de forma triangular, simétrica, y de tamaño pequeño, con una longitud que varía entre 2 y 8 mm. Se caracteriza por una estructura ligera, hialina y transparente, compuesta principalmente de aragonito. La concha presenta una forma distintiva en la que destaca la curvatura de la espina terminal de la concha, que es alargada y está curvada hacia abajo de forma característica, lo que le da el nombre específico inflexa (Boas, 1886; Van der Spoel & Pierrot-Bults, 1998). La cara dorsal de la concha es convexa y lisa, con dos ángulos laterales prominentes. La cara ventral de la concha es plana y está marcada por una costilla poco sobresaliente, apenas visible, que se extiende en una línea central (Rampal, 2002). El manto se encuentra unido a los bordes de la concha y la recubre parcialmente, aunque su transparencia permite ver los órganos internos. Tiene dos parapodios simétricos, situados en la parte delantera del cuerpo y en forma de alas, que le permiten nadar en la columna de agua. Dos ojos simples le permiten detectar únicamente la luz y la oscuridad. En algunos ejemplares se observan dos extensiones del manto muy largas en comparación con el cuerpo.

Biología
Se alimenta de mucus, capturando microzooplancton y fitoplancton, entre la superficie y al menos 500 m de profundidad (Mar de Liguria; Tarling et al., 2001), siguiendo la migración vertical diaria que realiza el zooplancton. Forman redes de alimentación de mucus y las ingieren junto con sus presas atrapadas. Cada uno de estos ciclos de alimentación puede durar entre 1 y 3 minutos. Dependen de la concha para su protección y se ven afectados por la acidificación actual del océano, ya que sus conchas no se calcifican bien y son más débiles, malformadas o incluso ausentes en ambientes con un pH bajo (Comeau et al., 2010). Son presa del atún, dorados y otros peces pelágicos. Sus parapodios en forma de alas le permiten “volar” activamente bajo el agua, como una mariposa (de ahí que a este grupo se le conozca comúnmente como “mariposas marinas”). Se desconoce la reproducción de esta especie, pero especies similares (como Limacina retroversa) se reproducen a principios de primavera y finales de verano, y estas dos generaciones adoptan diferentes estrategias de vida para sobrevivir. Los especímenes de primavera crecen más rápido para reproducirse en verano, mientras que los de finales de verano son más conservadores para sobrevivir al invierno y reproducirse en primavera.

Etimología

• Cavolinia. Dedicada a Filippo Cavolini (1756-1810), botánico de Nápoles, pionero en la investigación de pólipos.
• Inflexa. Del Latín “inflexus”, doblado hacia dentro.

Distribución
Se encuentra en todo el mundo en aguas cálidas, desde los 55° N hasta los 45° S. Van der Spoel & Pierrot-Bults (1998) afirmaron que no hay fundamentos para aceptar que C. inflexa esté compuesta por diferentes especies o, al menos, por subespecies genéticamente bien aisladas. Por ello, consideran que la variabilidad en C. inflexa se debe únicamente a diferencias en el crecimiento y la disponibilidad de alimento, es decir, que no tiene un origen geográfico, y que no existe una base válida para la subdivisión de la especie en diferentes taxones.

Otras fotos

Bibliografía

1246567 Cavolinia inflexa 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 7132 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografía basada en los trabajos de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 y Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, con actualizaciones posteriores procedentes de otras fuentes.

Más información

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• BiologiaMarina.org
• Flickr pictures
• General Shell Portal
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• Meerwasser Lexicon
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• Sea Slugs of Hawaii
• World Register of Marine Species
• Zooplankton Guide

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