Felimare tricolor

Felimare tricolor (Cantraine, 1835)

Felimare tricolor per Enric Madrenas

Nota taxonòmica: Les espècies europees atlàntiques i mediterrànies dels gèneres Hypselodoris i Chromodoris, després de l´anàlisi molecular dels Chromodorididae de Johnson & Gosliner (2012, Traditional Taxonomic groupings mask evolutionary history: A molecular Phylogeny and new classification of the chromodorid nudibranchs. PLoS ONE 7 (4): 33479) s´han inclòs en els gèneres Felimare Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967 (les espècies d´Hypselodoris) i Felimida Ev. Marcus, 1971 (les espècies del gènere Chromodoris).

Aquesta espècie encapçalava una de les polèmiques més conegudes. Existeix un grup d’especialistes que afirmaven que Felimare tricolor es tractava d’una espècie diferenciada sense discussió, mentre que altres afirmaven que es tractava de Felimare midatlantica (Gosliner, 1990). Arran del treball de (Furfaro et al., 2016) es pot concloure que Felimare midatlantica és en realitat F. tricolor. Tant la base de dades WoRMS com CLEMAM indiquen F. tricolor com a espècie vàlida i F. midatlantica com a sinònima.

Sinònims

• Chromodoris tricolor (Cantraine, 1835)
• Doris tricolor Cantraine, 1835 (original)
• Felimare midatlantica (Gosliner, 1990)
• Glossodoris tricolor (Cantraine, 1835)
• Hypselodoris midatlantica Gosliner, 1990
• Hypselodoris tricolor (Cantraine, 1835)
• Mexichromis tricolor (Cantraine, 1835)

Descripció
Els animals d’aquesta espècie solen mesurar entre 20 i 30 mm de longitud. El seu cos és bastant estilitzat, una mica més ample en la seva zona anterior, i de coloració blavosa. La vora del mantell és groc i al centre del dors hi ha una banda longitudinal que va des de la zona inter-rinofòrica fins a la beina branquial, envolta aquesta i continua per darrere fins a prop de la vora posterior del mantell. La banda mig dorsal és blanquinosa en els exemplars més petits i després es va esgrogueint progressivament. A banda i banda de la banda groga central del dors sol haver taques blau turquesa arrodonides o allargades i que apareixen perfectament alineades. En els flancs del cos hi ha també una banda longitudinal blanquinosa o groguenca, que envolta la papil·la genital formant un anell al seu voltant. Posteriorment, les dues bandes laterals s’uneixen a la cua en forma d’una banda groga mig-dorsal. Ortea et al. (1996) indiquen la variabilitat cromàtica d’aquesta espècie segons els exemplars i la seva grandària. Els rinòfors tenen la zona laminar de color blau molt fosc, l’àpex és una mica més clar, igual que la zona basal sense làmines; tenen unes 20-25 laminetes. La beina rinofòrica és elevada i de vora llisa. La brànquia està constituïda per 8-10 fulles branquials de color blau fosc amb el raquis groguenc o blanquinós; les laminetes de cada full branquial són semitransparents i alternativament grans i petites. El peu és estret i truncat anteriorment, la boca té dos palps orals curts i amples.

Biologia
Aquesta espècie és relativament freqüent per tot el litoral europeu, tant mediterrani com atlàntic, vivint des de la zona intermareal fins a més de 100 m de profunditat. Prefereix substrats rocosos com parets verticals amb abundància d’algues i invertebrats, o bé sota pedres. Els exemplars d’aquesta espècie tenen de 2 a 5 glàndules defensives (MDF’s) de tipus 3 en la vora posterior del mantell i ocasionalment també en la vora anterior, a l’altura dels rinòfors (García-Gómez et al. 1991; Wägele et al. 2006). Del seu cos s’han aïllat metabòlits secundaris del tipus dels sesquiterpenoides com la longifolina, extrets de la seva espècie aliment, l’esponja del gènere Dysidea (D. avara, D. fragilis) i que tenen una clara missió defensiva quan són expulsats a l’exterior (Àvila, 1993; Fontana et al,. 1993). La seva posta és una cinta enrotllada en una espiral de 3 voltes i d’uns 2 mm d’altura que conté ous blancs d’unes 90 micres de diàmetre (Ortea et al. 1996).

Etimologia

• Tricolor. Del Llatí “tres”, tres + “color”, color.

Distribució
Es tracta d’una espècie europea que ha estat registrada des de les costes atlàntiques de França fins a la Mediterrània occidental, també a les Açores, Madeira i les Illes Canàries. No obstant això, com ha estat confosa repetidament amb altres espècies de Felimare blaus (F. villafranca, F. fontandraui, F. orsinii) és possible que la seva distribució geogràfica sigui més àmplia. A la Península Ibèrica s’ha citat en totes les seves zones costaneres (Cervera et al,. 2004) i a Catalunya en nombroses localitats de la Costa Brava, també a Canet de Mar, Mataró i al Port de l’Estany (Tarragona).

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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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