Cerberilla bernadettae

Cerberilla bernadettae (Tardy, 1965)

• Cerberilla bernadetti Tardy, 1965

Descripció
Aquesta espècie pot arribar als 20 mm. de longitud. Té el cos de color blanc, amb la part posterior relativament plana i arrodonida. El peu és molt ample, de color blanc translúcid i esquitxat de petites taques marrons. A la part davantera el peu forma dos tentacles curts adornats amb una línia blanca (de vegades de color taronja) que, habitualment, s’orienten cap enrere. A banda i banda de la boca té dos tentacles orals molt llargs i prims, translúcids com el cos però més opacs per la seva cara dorsal, decorats amb una línia de color blanc més o menys marcada que, sovint, té tons ataronjats. des de la base d’aquests tentacles orals fins al cap sol tenir una taca marró fosc o negre en cada costat. Aquestes taques fosques poden cobrir la base dels rinòfors, formant de vegades dues línies obliqües darrere del cap. Els rinòfors són curts i llisos, amb la base de color marró, de vegades ataronjada. Els ulls estan situats en una zona despigmentada a la base dels rinòfors. Té nombroses cerata recobrint el dors. Les cerates de les tres primeres files són més curtes i menys abundants que la dotzena de files posteriors, que li donen a l’animal aspecte d’estar “pentinat cap enrere”. Les cerates són blanquinoses i acabades en punta, tenen una taca groga marcada amb un punt negre subapical. De vegades, depenent de l’alimentació, és possible veure a l’interior de cada cerata la glàndula digestiva de color marró clar. A la part posterior, el plomall de cerates cobreix la cua que, generalment, és poc o gens visible. L’obertura anal es troba al costat dret del cos, sota la cinquena fila de cerates, mentre que les obertures genitals es troben, també a al costat dret, entre la segona i tercera files de cerates.

Biologia
Aquesta espècie viu enterrada a la sorra i s’alimenta principalment d’anemones de mar com Diadumene cincta, Cereus pedunculatus, Sagartia troglodytes, Actinothoe anguicoma, etc. a les que prefereix atacar acostant-se per sota la sorra per evitar el contacte amb els tentacles urticants, tot i que també ha estat observada atacant i devorant directament un dels tentacles sense importar-li que l’anemone els contregui en posar-se a la defensiva. Jean Tardy la descriu “amb una audàcia i una voracitat increïble, comparada amb altres espècies [de l’Atlàntic]”, i assenyala la seva increïble “gula”. La posta és una espiral transparent de dues o tres voltes amb uns 10.000 a 20.000 ous de color blanquinós a rosat (segurament el color depèn de la dieta de l’animal) que eclosionen al cap d’uns 5 dies per donar lloc a una larva velígera que portarà vida planctònica abans de baixar al fons i convertir-se en adulta.

Etimologia

• Cerberilla. Probablement relacionat amb Cerbère (Cervera de la Marenda en català), un municipi francès situat en el departament dels Pirineus Orientals i la regió Languedoc-Roussillon, prop de la Réserve Naturelle Cerbère-Banyuls-sur-Mer que, establerta el 1974, és la primera reserva natural marina de França i cobreix 650 ha de mar.
• Bernadettae. Dedicada a Bernadette, l’esposa de Jean Tardy, que va ser qui va localitzar els quatre especimens utilitzats per a la descripció de l’espècie el 27 i 28 de setembre de 1964 a Fouras (França).

Distribució
Cerberilla bernadettae és una espècie molt rarament observada en el medi natural, per la seva mida petita i per la seva costum d’enterrar-se. Se sap poc de la distribució d’aquesta espècie, tot i que està present a la costa atlàntica francesa (Tardy la va trobar davant de l’illa d’Aix, Charente-Maritime, França) el que ha estat confirmat per altres recomptes locals com (Montaudouin et al. 2000) , per exemple. També es cita aquesta espècie a Arcachon el 1980, a les Canàries (Moro et al. 1995), a Galícia i a Portugal. A la Mediterrània sembla una espècie molt menys freqüent, amb un exemplar observat a la Riviera francesa i a Còrsega (DORIS, 2016), a Itàlia (Cattaneo-Vietti et al. 1990) i a Sardenya (Cattaneo-Vietti et al. 1992) així com a la costa africana de Tunísia. Les cites de Sud-àfrica (Gosliner 1985) i del Pacífic: Austràlia (Burns, 1966 i 1974), Califòrnia (McDonald, 1975), etc. haurien de comprovar-se mitjançant estudis moleculars per certificar-les.

Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Cerberilla bernadettae

Fonts:
OBIS GROC 2010-2011 Enric Madrenas João Pedro Silva Bernard Picton GBIF	OPK VIMAR Manuel Ballesteros M@re Nostrum Altres fonts Marine Regions

Espècies semblants
Per les seves característiques, i per ser la única espècie coneguda del gènere a la Mediterrània i Atlàntic proper, és inconfusible.

Altres fotos

Cerberilla bernadettae by Gilles Cavignaux

Cerberilla bernadettae by Sergio López González (www.granadasubmarina.org)

Cerberilla bernadettae by Sergio López González (www.granadasubmarina.org)

Cerberilla bernadettae by Sergio López González (www.granadasubmarina.org)

Cerberilla bernadettae @ Sepieres (L’Escala) 4-08-2016 by Enric Madrenas

Cerberilla bernadettae @ Sepieres (L’Escala) 4-08-2016 by Enric Madrenas

Bibliografia

1246567 Cerberilla bernadettae 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 14390 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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