Eubranchus capellinii

Eubranchus capellinii (Trinchese, 1879)

Eubranchus capellinii @ Otok Čiovo (Croatia) per Pero Ugarković

Nota taxonòmica: Les anàlisis filogenètiques realitzades per Cella et al. (2016) van revelar que la família Tergipedidae tradicional és polifilética i pertany a un clade monofilètic més gran que inclou membres de les famílies tradicionals Eubranchidae, Fionidae i Calmidae; aquest va ser un resultat inesperat, ja que la validesa d´aquests taxons i la seva distinció dels Tergipedidae mai havia estat qüestionada abans. Es proposa unir les famílies Tergipedidae, Eubranchidae, Calmidae i Fionidae sota el nom de Fionidae. Aquesta decisió ha estat reinterpretada i completada en el treball de Korshunova et al. (2017) perquè obviava aspectes morfològics i moleculars evidents.

Des de mitjans del s. XX, E. capellinii ha estat considerada una espècie sinònima d’E. doriae (Edmunds & Kress, 1969; Thompson & Brown, 1984; Thompson, 1988; Picton & Morrow, 1994; Caballer, 2002) o fins i tot confosa amb altres espècies del gènere com Eubranchus cingulatus (Edmunds & Kress, 1969; Ortea, 1978; Schmekel & Portmann, 1982). No obstant això, la descripció original d’E. capellinii (com a Tergipes capellinii) i la làmina en color que l’acompanya (Trinchese, 1879), són prou clares i il·lustratives com per diferenciar-la de la resta de les espècies atlàntiques del gènere. Per aquest motiu Caballer, Ortea & Canteras (2010) usant exemplars capturats a Cantàbria, la costa de l’Algarve (Portugal) i la costa murciana (Mediterrani espanyol), proposen reinstaurar l’espècie com a vàlida i realitzen un complet estudi morfològic i anatòmic (aparell genital , ràdula i mandíbules).

Sinònims

• Tergipes capellinii Trinchese, 1879 (original)
• Capellinia capellinii (Trinchese, 1879)

Descripció
Els exemplars d’aquesta espècie poden arribar a una mida de 16 mm (exemplars de la descripció original de Trinchese) però el normal és que es trobin animals de 4-5 mm de longitud. El color general del cos és blanquinós i semitransparent, amb taques marrons o lleugerament verdoses repartides per tot el cos, inclosos els tentacles orals, rinòfors i cerates. Entre els rinòfors i el primer grup de cerates ha una taca típica del mateix color i de forma trapezoïdal més o menys aparent segons la grandària dels animals. També hi ha taques allargades d’aquest color a banda i banda del dors i entre les bases dels cerates. Aquestes taques allargades i la taca trapezoïdal dorsal són característiques d’E. capellinii i la separen de les altres espècies del gènere Eubranchus que tenen una morfologia i mida similar. Els tentacles orals i els rinòfors són relativament curts, amb taques marrons formant una banda transversal i tenen l’àpex de color blanc. Hi ha fins a 7 grups de cerata a cada costat del dors, amb 3-4 cerates en el primer grup i només una en els grups finals. Els dos grups més anteriors són simètrics a cada costat mentre que a partir del tercer grup s’alternen a un costat i a un altre. Els cerata són semitransparents i tenen de 2 a 3 cercles de petits tubercles. La glàndula digestiva en el seu interior pot ser de color blanquinós, groguenc o de color marró en els exemplars més grans i ocupa gran part de l’interior de la cerata. Sol haver-hi taques marrons en la superfície dels cerates i 1-2 bandes subapicals de color marró. L’anus es troba en una papil·la prominent de color blanc en posició dorso-lateral dreta entre el primer i segon grup de cerates darrera la zona cardíaca. El porus genital es troba situat just a sota del primer grup de cerates dret. La part posterior del peu (cua) és arrodonida.

Biologia
Els exemplars d’aquesta espècie solen viure en colònies de hidrozous com Kirchenpaueria pinnata (Edmunds & Kress, 1969, citat com E. doriae), Plumularia setacea (Thompson & Brown, 1984, citat com E. doriae) o Obelia geniculata (Schmekel & Portmann , 1982, citat com E. cingulatus), dels que possiblement s’alimentin i amb els que guarden una coloració bastant críptica. Schmekel & Portmann (1984, com E. cingulatus) indiquen que la posta és una cinta d’una sola volta que conté ous blancs de 90 micres.

Etimologia

• Capellinii. Dedicat al Prof. Giovanni Capellini, (1833-1922), paleontòleg italià que va ser Rector Magnificus de la Universitat de Bologna durant el 1888, quan la Universitat va celebrar els seus 800 anys d’història.

Distribució
Acceptant l’opinió Caballer, Ortea & Canteras (2010) sobre que les cites d’E. doriae i E. cingulatus corresponen més aviat a E. capellinii. Aquesta espècie es distribueix des de les Illes Britàniques, les costes atlàntiques de la península Ibèrica, el Mediterrani ibèric i la costa de Nàpols. Recentment aquesta espècie ha aparegut també a l’Adriàtic, on hi ha dues cites, una de Alen Petani a Vrsine (Croàcia) i una altra de Pero Ugarković a Otok Čiovo (Croàcia) que correspon a les fotos que acompanyen aquest text. És possible que alguna de les cites de Eubranchus doriae de les costes catalanes (Ballesteros et al., 2016) es refereixin més aviat a E. capellinii.

Espècies semblants
Eubranchus doriae, sense la taca trapezoïdal al dors, darrere dels rinòfors, ni les taques allargades entre la base dels cerata. Eubranchus cingulatus, amb els cerata llisos.

Altres fotos

Bibliografia

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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

Més informació

• Asturnatura (obs. Marcos Fernández Iglesias)
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species

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