Arminoidea

Els arminiacis són un grup de nudibranquis reduït en espècies que viuen preferentment en substrats tous, on poden enterrar-se a la recerca d’aliment. Les espècies de la família Arminidae, tipus del grup i al que pertany el gènere Armina, es caracteritzen per la presència d’un mantell ampli en forma d’escut, arrodonit anteriorment i afilat per darrere. El mantell pot estar adornat per tubercles poc sortints i arrodonits o per solcs longitudinals. Hi ha un parell de petits rinòfors situats molt junts i amb laminetes en sentit longitudinal. El cap, situada sota el mantell anterior disposa d’un parell de lòbuls aplanats que s’utilitzen per enterrar-se en el sediment. Sota el mantell i a banda i banda del cos hi ha prolongacions laminars, les més anteriors en sentit axial (laminetes laterals) i darrere d’aquestes altres d’obliqües i molt més nombroses que fan de brànquies i en les quals penetren les ramificacions de la glàndula digestiva.

Armina neapolitana per Enric Madrenas

Els arminiacis del gènere Armina viuen en fons tous, on es troben les seves preses, podent passejar sobre el fons o bé enterrar-se en ell ja que tenen la part anterior del cos adaptada per a això. S’alimenten de cnidaris octocorals del grup dels pennatulacis o dels alcionaris. En canvi Doridomorpha gardineri viu sobre i s’alimenta del corall blau Heliopora coerulea. Algunes espècies del gènere Dermatobranchus s’ha citat que s’alimenten de coralls tous, gorgònies i de cnidaris estolonífers.

Classificació

Les anàlisis filogenètiques moleculars realitzats en els últims anys en diferents grups de nudibranquis ha demostrat que els arminacis tradicionals no són un grup monofilètic. Avui tendim a acceptar que els únics arminacis reals són els pertanyents a les famílies Doridomorphidae i Arminidae dins el clade Arminoidea, amb rang de superfamília després del treball de Bouchet et al. (2017).

Les afinitats filogenètiques de les altres famílies d’arminacis tradicionals (Bornellidae, Goniaeolididae, Embletoniidae, Heroidae, Pseudovermidae, Phylliroidae, Madrellidae i Pinufiidae) estan essent resoltes, però mentrestant s’han unit temporalment amb altres famílies de Cladobranchia de relació incerta sota el nom de ” Cladobranchia no assignats “. Per tant, considerem la taxonomia d’aquestes famílies ben separada dels Arminoidea.

La taxonomia actual dels Arminoidea, proposada per Bouchet et al. (2017) i acceptada per WoRMS és:

Arminoidea Iredale & O’Donoghue, 1923 (1841)

• Arminidae Iredale & O’Donoghue, 1923 (1841)
  • Armina Rafinesque, 1814
  • Atthila Bergh, 1899
  • Dermatobranchus van Hasselt, 1824
  • Histiomena Mörch, 1859
  • Pleurophyllidiella Eliot, 1903
  • Pleurophyllidiopsis S. Tchang, 1934

Espècies d’arminacis citades a la Mediterrània o al voltant de la Península Ibèrica:

Armina maculata

Armina loveni

Armina neapolitana

Armina tigrina

Bibliografia

1246567 Arminoidea 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 454 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J. P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., Nützel, A., Parkhaev, P. et al. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia, 61(1-2), 1-526.
Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.