Melanochlamys miqueli

Melanochlamys miqueli  (Pelorce, Horst & Hoarau, 2013)

Melanochlamys miqueli per Enric Madrenas

Nota taxonòmica: Publicada originalment a molts webs com a Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767), ha canviat a Philinopsis miqueli Pelorce, Horst & Hoarau, 2013 i, posteriorment, a Melanochlamys miqueli (veure Zamora-Silva & Malaquias, 2017). Ambdues espècies es diferencien per l’àmbit geogràfic, M.miqueli és mediterrània mentre que P.aperta es troba a Sudàfrica (Price, Gosliner & Valdés 2011). M.miqueli també es confon amb Philine quadripartita però, físicament, Philine és més grossa (fins a 70mm, contra els 13mm de M.miqueli), té el cos de forma trapezoidal en comptes de cilíndric, no té la vora dels paràpodes de color blanc brillant, i els paràpodes estan separats del cos.

Sinònims

• Philinopsis miqueli  Pelorce, Horst & Hoarau, 2013

Descripció
Animal amb el cos cilíndric d’uns 4 mm de diàmetre i una longitud màxima registrada de 13 mm. El cos és translúcid però està cobert per una multitud de petits punts blancs que li donen el seu aspecte blanc uniforme. La vora dels parapodis, l’escut cefàlic i la vora posterior són de color blanc molt més intens, un tret característic d’aquesta espècie. L’escut cefàlic cobreix pràcticament la meitat de la longitud del dors. Té també un escut dorsal posterior (invisible a l’observador) que comença una mica per sota de l’escut cefàlic i s’estén cap a enrere, on acaba en una forma més o menys arrodonida, depenent de l’individu. La base del cos forma una espècie de rotlle obert per la part posterior, que li dóna l’aspecte d’un cilindre buit per darrere. No té flagell a la part posterior. El peu és gairebé tan llarg com el cos i està flanquejat per dos petits parapodis de vora arquejada que estan enganxats al cos. L’orifici genital es troba ubicat a la part posterior dreta del cos, protegit pel parapodi d’aquest costat i l’escut posterior. No disposa de ràdula (una característica evolutiva dels Aglajidae) ni de plaques gàstriques. Disposa d’una conquilla interna, calcificada, molt fina i fràgil que acaba en una espiral d’una volta i mitja i que té una vora engrossida característica d’aquesta espècie. Té una glàndula mucosa en la part anterior del peu i una glàndula a la part posterior d’ús incert, que pot produir una substància groga quan l’animal és molestat, però que s’especula sobre si té finalitats defensives o d’atac (per paralitzar a les seves preses).

Biologia
Viu sobre fons rocosos o de còdols entre 1 i 5 metres de profunditat. També es pot trobar en fons de sorra. No es coneix la seva dieta, però els membres de la família Aglajidae són voraços carnívors, alguns dels quals s’alimenten d’altres cefalaspideus (p.e. del gènere Bulla o Haminoea). No s’ha documentat l’alimentació d’aquesta espècie tot i que de les seves característiques anatòmiques s’infereix que s’empassa les seves preses senceres. La posta consisteix en un fi cordó de moc transparent que conté ous de color groc clar. Aquesta espècie forma una espècie de tub que fixa sobre les algues que cobreixen el substrat perquè no quedin a l’atzar de l’onatge. Com els altres Aglajidae disposa d’una glàndula a la part anterior del peu que li permet segregar un flux continu de moc que li permet desplaçar-se ràpidament i fins i tot enterrar fàcilment, pel que pot sobreviure en zones batudes per l’onatge. Aquest rastre de moc també permet als seus congèneres localitzar-lo per reproduir-se. S’ha observat també un comportament de seguiment (trailing) entre dos o més individus, sobre el qual s’ha especulat que una inversió ràpida del primer exemplar li permetria fer una còpula amb el segon. No s’ha observat que sigui capaç de fugir nedant amb els seus parapodis, a diferència d’altres membres de la familia com Aglaja tricolorata o Philinopsis depicta.

Etimologia

• Melanochlamys. Del Grec “melan”, negre + “chlamys”, túnica.
• Miqueli. Dedicat a en Jean-Pierre Miquel, bussejador, fotògraf i col·leccionista, que va estar involucrat en la descripció científica de l’espècie, proporcionant el material tipus i que també va obtenir la closca interna.

Distribució
Aquesta espècie viu a la Mediterrània Occidental, on s’ubica la seva localitat tipus: Calanque du Mugel, Marsella, França. Se la coneix des de les costes espanyoles fins a l’illa de Malta, també al Mar Adriàtic.

Altres fotos

Bibliografia

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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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• AsturNatura
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• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• World Register of Marine Species

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