Guia d’Opistobranquis Doridida Doridoidei Polyceroidea Tyrannodoris europaea

Tyrannodoris europaea

Tyrannodoris europaea (García-Gómez, 1985)

Tyrannodoris europaea @ Motril (Granada) per Enric Madrenas

Informació taxonòmica WoRMS

Nom acceptat actual: Tyrannodoris europaea (García-Gómez, 1985)

Classificació actual

Superdomain	Biota
Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Subclass	Heterobranchia
Infraclass	Euthyneura
Subterclass	Ringipleura
Superorder	Nudipleura
Order	Doridida
Infraorder	Doridoidei
Superfamily	Polyceroidea
Family	Polyceridae
Subfamily	Nembrothinae
Genus	Tyrannodoris
Species	Tyrannodoris europaea (García-Gómez, 1985)

Nota taxonòmica: Aquesta espècie va ser publicada originalment com a Roboastra europaea García-Gómez, 1985. Willan & Chang (2017) han mogut totes les espècies del gènere Roboastra Bergh, 1877 excepte l’espècie tipus Roboastra gracilis (Bergh, 1877) al nou gènere Tyrannodoris Willan & Chang, 2017.

Sinònims

Roboastra europaea

Descripció
El cos és allargat, limaciforme, de color principalment gris o blau grisenc, amb línies grogues i taronges. Els animals més joves mostren una coloració més intensa. El dors mostra franges allargades de color gris clar vorejades de taronja, gairebé simètriques en ambdós costats i arrodonides en els seus extrems. Les vores taronges separen les àrees gris clar i grogues que constitueixen la resta de la superfície pigmentada. La vora del mantell és suau i no forma un angle pronunciat. Els costats de l’animal estan acolorits seguint el mateix patró cromàtic que el dors, però els colors són menys conspícuus i es fusionen entre si. El peu és de color gris clar, gairebé blanc, és allargat i acaba en una cua apuntada. El vel cefàlic és arrodonit, poc cridaner i no té lòbuls. Els rinòfors són perfoliats, de color gris o gris vermellós, i poden retreure’s en les seves beines. En la seva part distal tenen 35 laminetes estretes, acolorides amb un to més intens que la resta de el cos. La base i les puntes dels rinòfors són de color gris clar, a l’igual que les vores exteriors de les beines. Hi ha 5 brànquies bipinnades grogues, no retràctils, amb les puntes grises i amb el raquis ataronjat. Les 3 brànquies centrals són més grans que les 2 laterals. La cara interna de les brànquies té ramificacions grisenques que sempre estan orientades cap enrere. Els tentacles orals són curts i robustos, de color gris i amb solcs dors-laterals en part de la seva longitud. Els tentacles propodials són petits i roms. La papil·la anal és lleugerament vermella o vermella ataronjada i té 5 lòbuls interns; les brànquies formen un semicercle al seu voltant. El porus renal es troba davant i a la dreta de la papil·la anal, molt a prop d’ella. El porus genital és prou visible i es troba al costat dret, més a prop dels rinòfors que de les brànquies.

Biologia
La postes estan formades per una cinta llarga i estreta, subjecta al substrat (algues vermelles) per la vora inferior. La vora superior està lleugerament ondulada i tota la massa es disposa formant una espiral folgada d’unes 4 voltes. Té 6-7 mm d’alt i una secció transversal de la cinta mostra 3-5 fileres de càpsules verticals. La majoria de les càpsules solen contenir un únic ou i són arrodonides, amb una mida d’aproximadament 100 micres de diàmetre, mentre que algunes càpsules contenen 2 ous, tenen forma ovoide i el seu eix més llarg mesura unes 150 micres. Els membres d’aquest gènere son carnívors voraços, atacant i devorant altres policèrids de cos tou: Polycera spp., Polycerella Spp., Limacia spp., Tambja spp., així como altres ‘fanerobranquis’ (veure Megina & Cervera 2003). Aquesta espècie és molt voraç i mostra un curiós comportament caníbal: si troba un exemplar més petit de la mateixa espècie, immediatament ataca i devora implacablement la presa, però si l’altre exemplar és prou gran, l’encontre pot acabar en un aparellament.

Etimologia

Tyrannodoris. El nom genèric deriva de la combinació de la paraula llatina “tyrannus” (terrible) i “doris”.
Europaea. D’Europa.

Distribució
Aquesta espècie és coneguda principalment de l’Estret de Gibraltar i del sud de la Península Ibèrica. S’ha confirmat la seva presència a Madeira després de la captura d’un exemplar al port de Funchal. També s’ha citat al sud-oest de Portugal (Calado et al., 2003) i a les costes catalanes (Schick, com. Pers.). Poddubetskaia i Petit de Voice (Sea Slug Forum, 2003) el citen a Dakar (Senegal), el registre més meridional d’aquesta espècie a l’Atlàntic.

Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Tyrannodoris europaea

Fonts:

	OBIS
	GROC 2010-2011
	Enric Madrenas
	João Pedro Silva
	Bernard Picton
	GBIF

	OPK
	VIMAR
	Manuel Ballesteros
	M@re Nostrum
	Altres fonts
	Marine Regions

Abundància

Mediterrània occidental:	★☆☆☆☆
Mediterrània oriental:	☆☆☆☆☆
Oceà Atlàntic:	★☆☆☆☆

Mes

Aquesta gràfica mostra la probabilitat d’observació mensual de Tyrannodoris europaea basada en els nostres propis registres.

Vídeos

Altres fotos

Tyrannodoris europaea by João Pedro Silva

Tyrannodoris europaea by Sergio López González (www.granadasubmarina.org)

Radula de Tyrannodoris europaea by Luis Sánchez-Tocino

Tyrannodoris europaea @ Tarifa by Manuel Martínez Chacón

Tyrannodoris europaea @ Isla de Tarifa (Cadiz, Spain, Atl. shore) 10-10-2015

Tyrannodoris europaea @ Isla de Tarifa (Cadiz, Spain, Atl. shore) 10-10-2015 by Manuel Martínez Chacón

Tyrannodoris europaea by José Carlos García Gómez

Tyrannodoris europaea @ Port of Motril, Granada, Spain 20.04.2021 by Luis Sánchez Tocino

Tyrannodoris europaea @ Granada por Luis Sánchez Tocino

Tyrannodoris europaea juvenile feeding on a Polycera @ Granada by Luis Sánchez Tocino

Bibliografia

1246567 Tyrannodoris europaea 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 10677 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/

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Pontes, Miquel, Manuel Ballesteros, Enric Madrenas (2025) "Tyrannodoris europaea" a OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicat: 04/10/2013. Accedit: 27/07/2026. Disponible a (https://opistobranquis.info/ca/?p=10677)

Tyrannodoris europaea