Hermaea bifida

Hermaea bifida (Montagu, 1815)

• Doris bifida Montagu, 1815 (original)
• Hermaea hancockii Trinchese, 1877
• Physopneumon carneum A. Costa, 1864
• Physopneumon corneus Costa A., 1864

Descripció
Aquesta espècie pot arribar a mesurar una mica més de 20 mm de longitud però generalment els exemplars trobats sobre les algues mesuren escassos mil·límetres. El cos és estret, allargat i d’una lleugera tonalitat verd-groguenca encara semitransparent, podent-se observar en el seu interior els ganglis cerebrals, alguns òrgans reproductors i digestius com el bulb bucal i l’esòfag. Dues línies marrons o marró-vermelloses, corresponents a la glàndula digestiva, es poden observar, una a cada costat del dors, passant molt a prop de la base dels cerata i arribant fins a gairebé l’extrem de la cua. El cap és molt curt i amb dos lòbuls arrodonits en el seu marge anterior. Els rinòfors estan situats molt anteriorment, són de tipus auriculat i estan oberts pel seu costat extern; són semitransparents i es poden apreciar granulacions blanques a l’extrem distal, en la seva zona mitjana i entre les dues bases on s’inserten al cap. L’extrem dels rinòfors diferencia dues lobulacions, una dorsal més llarga i una altra ventral una mica més curta. Els cerata són semitransparents i molt extensibles i contràctils, essent llargs i estilitzats quan l’animal està en moviment però s’escurcen i s’engrosseixen quan l’animal està en posició de repòs. Els cerata, quan estan completament estesos són fins a la base i es van eixamplant fins a prop de l’àpex, on hi ha un tubercle cònic apical i altres subapicals en nombre variable (màxim de 4-5). En els exemplars petits, de 4-5 mm, els cerata s’insereixen en el cos de manera aïllada o de dos en dos i freqüentment són de mides molt dispars, però en els exemplars de major talla pot haver fins a 9-10 grups de 2-3 cerata a cada costat del cos. Dins dels cerata, la glàndula digestiva s’aprecia en forma d’un cordó estret longitudinal i recte, de color marró, que té derivacions perpendiculars que es dirigeixen cap a la punta dels tubercles. Hi pot haver granulacions blanques una mica translúcides en la superfície dels cerata, especialment a la punta dels tubercles. La papil·la anal es troba just davant de la zona cardíaca, és curta i de forma cònica, i té granulacions blanques prop de la seva base. Els orificis genitals es troben a la dreta del cos, entre el rinòfor i la base d’inserció del primer cerata. El peu és relativament estret, de to groc-verdós i té dues lobulacions arrodonides a la seva zona anterior; poden haver granulacions blanquinoses en els marges del peu.

Biologia
Aquesta espècie de sacoglós viu a poca fondària entre algues rodofícies com la ceramial Griffithsia flosculosa, de la qual sembla que s’alimenta i de la que adquireix els seus rodoplasts, que poden proporcionar la coloració marró-vermellosa de la glàndula digestiva. Tanmateix s’ha recol·lectat a escassa profunditat (2-3 m) sobre la també rodofícea del gènere Lophosiphonia. La posta és una cinta espiral plana d’uns 5 mm de diàmetre que posseeix ous blancs d’unes 50 micres de diàmetre. Es pot confondre fàcilment amb Hermaea cantabra, però es distingeixen per les ratlles longitudinals al cap i al llarg dels rinòfors, presents a Hermaea cantabra i absents a Hermaea bifida.

Etimologia

• Hermaea. Derivat d’Hermes, personatge de la mitologia grega.
• Bifida. Del Llatí bifidatus, dividit en dos.

Distribució
Aquesta espècie es coneix, en aigües atlàntiques, a les Illes Britàniques, a l’Estret de Skagerrak (que separa Noruega de Dinamarca), a la Península Ibèrica i a la Mediterrània occidental. També hi ha cites de la seva presència en aigües del Mar Carib. A la Península Ibèrica ha estat citada a Galícia, a la costa portuguesa, a la costa atlàntica andalusa, la zona de l’Estret de Gibraltar, a la costa llevantina i a Catalunya. En aigües catalanes ha estat observada en diferents localitats de la Costa Brava com Cadaqués, Cala Aiguafreda (Begur), Cala Margarida (Palamós) i Tossa de Mar. Els informes existents d’aquesta espècie haurien de ser revisats per si corresponguessin a espècimens d’Hermaea cantabra mal identificats.

Videos

Altres fotos

Hermaea bifida @ Mallorca by Lenka Juskaničová

Hermaea bifida @ Mallorca by Lenka Juskaničová

Hermaea bifida @ Oosterschelde, Netherlands by Stefan Verheyen

Hermaea bifida @ Oosterschelde, Netherlands

Hermaea bifida by Enric Madrenas

Hermaea bifida by Enric Madrenas

Hermaea bifida by Enric Madrenas

Hermaea bifida by Nani Díez

Hermaea bifida by Nani Díez

Hermaea bifida @ Tamariu, Girona

Bibliografia

1246567 Hermaea bifida 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 266 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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