Placida dendritica

Placida dendritica (Alder & Hancock, 1843)

• Calliopaea dendritica Alder & Hancock, 1843 (original)
• Hermaea aoteana Powell, 1937
• Hermaea brevicornis Costa A., 1867
• Hermaea capensis Macnae, 1954
• Hermaea dendritica (Alder & Hancock, 1843)
• Hermaea lutescens Costa A., 1866
• Hermaea orbicularis Costa A., 1866
• Hermaea ornata MacFarland, 1966
• Hermaea venosa Lovén, 1844
• Placida aoteana (Powell, 1937)
• Placida babai Ev. Marcus, 1982
• Placida brevicornis (A. Costa, 1867)

Descripció
La mida dels exemplars solen ser petita, entre 5 i 8 mm, tot i que s’han citat animals que arriben als 20 mm. De longitud. El color de fons de l’animal és blanquinós però les nombroses ramificacions dendrítiques de color verd fosc de la glàndula digestiva que s’estenen per tot el cos, incloses els cerata, rinòfors, cap i peu, li permeten adquirir aquesta tonalitat i la capacitat de passar desapercebuts sobre algues clorofícies com les del gènere Codium. Els rinòfors son relativament curts i auriculats; els ulls s’observen just darrera de la base dels rinòfors. Els cerata son nombrosos i estan distribuïts fins a en 8 grups per cada banda, tot i que en els exemplars petits no hi ha aparença clara d’agrupació. Per l’interior dels cerata la glàndula digestiva, de color verd oliva, està profondament ramificada. En la zona anterior del dors es troba la papil·la anal, llarga i estreta, i darrera d’ella es troba la regió cardíaca. El peu és ample, semitransparent i arrodonit anteriorment; pel darrera es prolonga en una afilada cua on també penetren les ramificacions hepàtiques.

Biologia
La coloració verda d’aquesta espècie li permet camuflar-se perfectament sobre les algues  Codium fragile ssp tomentosoides, Codium tomentosum  y Bryopsis plumosa, entre d’altres especies de clorofícies, parts apicals de les quals s’alimenta.  P. Dendritica és capaç de retenir en els seus teixits cloroplasts d’aquestes algues, que romanen actius durant unes 24 h, raó per la qual es dubta de que realment li proporcionin al sacoglos aliment orgànic. Exemplars juvenils poden trobar-se també entre diferents algues, fins i tot entre rizomes de Posidonia oceanica. D’aquesta espècie s’han aïllat uns compostos denominats “placidens” que podrien estar implicats en els mecanismes defensius de l’animal ja que son abundants en la mucositat que segrega quan son molestats. La posta, d’uns 3 mm de diàmetre, és un cordó blanc enrotllat en espiral d’unes 2 voltes.

Etimologia

• Placida. Del Llatí “placeō”, satisfer. També significa plàcida, suau, tranquil·la, quieta, pacífica.
• Dendritica. Del Grec “Dendron”, arbre. Que sembla o té un dibuix ramificat com un arbre.

Distribució
Aparentment es tracta d’una espècie quasi cosmopolita ja que hi ha cites que la localitzen en aigües temperades i moderades de quasi tot el mon: Atlàntic ( des de Noruega i Illes Britàniques fins Madeira), Sud-àfrica, Austràlia, Nova Zelanda, Japó i el Mediterrani occidental. Es dona el dubte de si les cites d’aquesta espècie responen més aviat a un complex d’espècies diferents a l’original europea. En la Península Ibèrica ha estat recol·lectada al llarg de tot el litoral i també ha estat observada a les Illes Balears. Aquesta espècie esta àmpliament estesa per tot el litoral català tot i que la seva petita mida i en especial la seva cripsi sobre algues clorofícies la facin passar desapercebuda per la majoria dels capbussadors.

Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Placida dendritica

Fonts:
OBIS GROC 2010-2011 Enric Madrenas João Pedro Silva Bernard Picton GBIF	OPK VIMAR Manuel Ballesteros M@re Nostrum Altres fonts Marine Regions

Videos

Altres fotos

Placida dendritica by Enric Madrenas

Placida dendritica by Enric Madrenas

Placida dendritica by Enric Madrenas

Placida dendritica by Enric Madrenas

Placida dendritica by Enric Madrenas

Placida dendritica by Enric Madrenas

Placida dendritica by Enric Madrenas

Placida dendritica by Enric Madrenas

Placida dendritica by Enric Madrenas

Placida dendritica by Enric Madrenas

Placida dendritica by Enric Madrenas

Placida dendritica @ Laguna Fusaro, Bacoli, Napoli by Guido Villani

Placida dendritica with spawn @ Costa Brava (Spain) by Miquel Pontes

Placida dendritica by Nani Díez

Placida dendritica by Nani Díez

Placida dendritica @ France by Pascal Girard

Placida dendritica @ France by Pascal Girard

Bibliografia

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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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