Spurilla neapolitana (delle Chiaje, 1841)
Informació taxonòmica WoRMS
Nom acceptat actual: Spurilla neapolitana (Delle Chiaje, 1841)
Classificació actual
| Superdomain | Biota |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Mollusca |
| Class | Gastropoda |
| Subclass | Heterobranchia |
| Infraclass | Euthyneura |
| Subterclass | Ringipleura |
| Superorder | Nudipleura |
| Order | Nudibranchia |
| Suborder | Aeolidina |
| Superfamily | Aeolidioidea |
| Family | Aeolidiidae |
| Genus | Spurilla |
| Species | Spurilla neapolitana (Delle Chiaje, 1841) |
- Eolis alderiana Deshayes, 1865
- Eolis conspersa Fischer P., 1869
- Eolis neapolitana Delle Chiaje, 1841 (original)
- Flabellina inornata A. Costa, 1866
- Spurilla mograbina Pruvot-Fol, 1953
- Spurilla vayssierei Garcia-Gomez & Cervera, 1985
Descripció
Els exemplars d’aquesta espècie poden arribar a fer 70 mm de longitud, però hi ha una observació reportada de 150mm (Celia García @ Granada, com.pers.). El cos és de color rosat o marró molt clar segons els exemplars, una mica més fosc el dors. Freqüentment apareixen petites taques blanques en el cap, zona cardíaca, rinòfors i cerata, adquirint el cos un aspecte clapejat molt característic. Partint de la zona cardíaca i cap al darrere sol aparèixer també una línia blanc irisada que recorre la zona mitjà dorsal del cos. Els tentacles orals són relativament llargs i de color marró clar amb puntuacions ataronjades. Els rinòfors són blanquinosos però solen tenir la part posterior de les làmines de color marró clar. La base dels rinòfors no té làmines però en la seva meitat superior sí les té i son obliqües algunes de les quals només ocupen la zona dorsal del rinòfor. Els ulls estan just darrere de la base dels rinòfors. Els cerata estan reunits en 9 grups a cada costat del cos com a màxim, inserint els cerata de cada grup en la paret del cos en forma d’arc o cadira de muntar. Entre el primer i segon grup de cerata es troba la regió cardíaca, on en els animals vius es pot observar les contraccions del cor i la separació entre el ventricle i l’aurícula. Els cerata són allargats però estan corbats de forma molt característica en el seu extrem i són de color verd oliva o marró a causa de la glàndula digestiva que hi ha en el seu interior, podent tenir també puntuacions blanquinoses. La glàndula digestiva, mitjançant ramificacions dendrítiques, es ramifica per tot el dors de l’animal, la regió cefàlica, els rinòfors i els tentacles orals, veient-se tot això per transparència en el cos de l’animal. Els cerata més grans de cada grup són els més dorsals i la seva grandària va decreixent en els que s’insereixen en el cos més lateralment. El peu és ampli i de color rosat clar, i en el seu extrem anterior desenvolupa un parell de curts i arrodonits palps propodials.
Biologia
Aquesta espècie viu en l’ambient infralapidícola i pot ser relativament abundant en zones succintes o tolls de marea amb abundància de pedres soltes, on sol trobar-se alimentant-se de actiniaris com Anemonia viridis, Aiptasia mutabilis, Bunodactis rubripunctata i altres espècies. Les postes, també dipositades en la cara inferior de pedres, tenen la forma d’un cordó estret, fistonat i a més enrotllat en una espiral de 2-3 voltes; el diàmetre de la posta pot ser de gairebé 2 cm, i els ous blancs, d’unes 90 micres de grandària, estan molt atapeïts al llarg del cordó. Spurilla neapolitana està parasitat freqüentment pel crustaci copèpode endoparàsit del gènere Splanchnotrophus. En l’època de reproducció d’aquest copèpode, les femelles, fecundades pels mascles dins del cos el nudibranqui, efectuen unes postes voluminoses en forma de cordó blanc o rosat que sobresurten a l’exterior i poden veure’s fàcilment entre els cerata del nudibranqui. No es coneixen els efectes que aquest parasitisme pot produir en el nudibranqui
Etimologia
- Spurilla pot derivar del llatí spurium: “un animal marí de forma similar” o spurius: “de naixement il·legítim”, espuri
- Neapolitana, referent a Nàpols [Napoli] (Italia)
Distribució
Aquesta espècie ha estat citada a l’Atlàntic oriental (Cap Verd, Canàries, Madeira, Açores) i a les costes continentals europees, tant les de l’Atlàntic com a les de la Mediterrània. A la Península Ibèrica s’ha trobat en totes les zones costaneres, també a les illes Balears. A Catalunya és comú sota pedres i en aigües molt poc profundes a Cubelles i Racó de Salou, i s’ha observat amb freqüència en algunes localitats de la Costa Brava com Tossa de Mar, Begur i Cadaqués, entre d’altres. Originalment classificada com a circumtropical, les cites de Spurilla neapolitana de l’Oceà Atlàntic occidental (Carib, Golf de Mèxic) i de el Pacífic (Baixa Califòrnia, Costa Rica, Japó) ara estan assignades a Spurilla braziliana MacFarland, 1909 segons (Carmona et al., 2014) on es demostra que aquestes espècies formen un complex de al menys tres espècies críptiques.
Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Spurilla neapolitana
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Espècies semblants
Aeolidiella alderi. Ulls molt aparents als costats, cerata no corbats, primer anell de cerata de color més clar ja que no estan completament ocupats per la glàndula digestiva.
Abundància
| Mediterrània occidental: | ★★★☆☆ |
| Mediterrània oriental: | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Oceà Atlàntic: | ★★☆☆☆ |
Mes
Aquesta gràfica mostra la probabilitat d’observació mensual de Spurilla neapolitana basada en els nostres propis registres.
Videos
Altres fotos
Spurilla neapolitana by Enric Madrenas
Spurilla neapolitana by Enric Madrenas
Spurilla neapolitana by Enric Madrenas
Spurilla neapolitana by Enric Madrenas
Spurilla neapolitana by Enric Madrenas
Spurilla neapolitana by Enric Madrenas
Spurilla neapolitana by Enric Madrenas
Spurilla neapolitana by Enric Madrenas
Spurilla neapolitana by Enric Madrenas
Spurilla neapolitana by Enric Madrenas
Spurilla neapolitana by Enric Madrenas
Spurilla neapolitana with parasitic copepods by Manuel Ballesteros
Spurilla neapolitana by Miquel Pontes
Spurilla neapolitana 150mm @ Ensenada de los Berengueles, Almuñécar, Granada, Spain 28.06.2021 -14m by Celia García Yañez
Spurilla neapolitana @ Gran Canaria, Spain by Sabina López
Spurilla neapolitana @ Granada by Luis Sánchez Tocino
Spurilla neapolitana @ Granada by Luis Sánchez Tocino
Spurilla neapolitana head detail @ France by Pascal Girard
Spurilla neapolitana @ France by Pascal Girard
Spurilla neapolitana @ France by Pascal Girard
Spurilla neapolitana @ Granada por Luis Sánchez Tocino
Spurilla neapolitana feeding on Anemonia viridis by Miquel Pontes
Bibliografia
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https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.
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Citeu aquest article com:
Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2025) "Spurilla neapolitana" a OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicat: 16/05/2012. Accedit: 27/07/2026. Disponible a (https://opistobranquis.info/ca/?p=574)
