Guia d’Opistobranquis Doridida Doridoidei Onchidoridoidea Okenia mediterranea

Okenia mediterranea

Okenia mediterranea (von Ihering, 1886)

Okenia mediterranea @ L'Escala, Spain per Enric Madrenas

Informació taxonòmica WoRMS

Nom acceptat actual: Okenia mediterranea (Ihering, 1886)

Classificació actual

Superdomain	Biota
Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Subclass	Heterobranchia
Infraclass	Euthyneura
Subterclass	Ringipleura
Superorder	Nudipleura
Order	Doridida
Infraorder	Doridoidei
Superfamily	Onchidoridoidea
Family	Goniodorididae
Subfamily	Goniodoridinae
Genus	Okenia
Species	Okenia mediterranea (Ihering, 1886)

Sinònims

Idalia mediterranea Ihering, 1886

Descripció
Aquesta espècie mesura fins a 15 mm i té un cos ovalat de color blanc translúcid amb moltes superfícies cobertes de blanc opac, i amb moltes taques de color taronja vermellós sobre groc al dors de la majoria dels espècimens. Hi ha 9-12 parells de papil·les laterals amb les puntes de color taronja sobre groc, el primer parell més llarg que la resta i les darreres dues papil·les unides per les seves bases a cada costat (Cervera et al., 1991). Hi ha una cresta amb 4-5 papil·les curtes, parcialment fusionades al llarg de la línia mitjana del dors, que va des dels rinòfors fins a les brànquies, també acolorides en taronja sobre groc, i una fila de 2-3 papil·les o tubercles curts de color similar (només presents en els exemplars adults) a cada costat de la cresta central. Una forma menys comú d’aquesta espècie mostra únicament les marques grogues, sense marques taronges (Rudman, 2001). Les brànquies i els rinòfors són relativament llargs i estan acolorits amb el mateix patró que els altres processos corporals. Els rinòfors tenen de 12-20 laminetes fines i estan acabats en punta. La brànquia es compon de 5-9 fulles unipinnades de color blanc amb el raquis groc, amb 3-15 lamel·les cadascun (Cervera et al., 1991), envoltant una prominent papil·la anal situada a la part posterior del dors. El porus genital es troba en el flanc dret de l’animal, darrere dels rinòfors. El cap té un vel frontal bilobulat amb quatre digitacions. El peu té forma triangular a la cua, que és blanca amb una línia mitjana groga, esquitxada amb punts ataronjats en els exemplars més grans.

Biologia
Aquesta espècie aparentment s’alimenta dels briozous incrustants ctenostomats Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell, 1.848 (veure Cervera et al., 1991), tot i que Cattaneo-Vietti et al (1990) reportaven que s’alimenta de la gorgònia vermella Paramuricea clavata i aquesta informació va ser utilitzada per altres autors posteriors. El rang batimètric reportat és el coral·ligen, per sota dels 30 metres de profunditat, però nosaltres hem trobat aquest animal en aigua molt més superficial (12-15 metres), de manera que aquest rang ha de ser revisat. La seva posta consisteix en una cinta de secció circular de 10-12 mm de llarg, disposada formant un cercle obert, habitualment sobre el briozou Alcyonidium. Les càpsules d’ous mesuren entre 71-97 micres i contenen un sol ou blanc esfèric de 58-78 micres de diàmetre. Okenia mediterranea podria ser confós amb altres espècies d’Okenia, però el patró de coloració i la disposició de les papil·les difereixen. Okenia sapelona (Marcus i Marcus, 1967) és una espècie molt semblant (només difereix en un to blau de les superfícies blanques) que podria correspondre a una distribució Atlàntica occidental de Okenia mediterrània (vegeu Valdés & Ortea, 1995 i Rudman, 2001), si aquest fos el cas O. mediterranea es convertiria en una espècie anfiatlàntica. La confusió sorgeix del fet que les característiques externes d’aquesta espècie semblen canviar amb l’edat (Valdés & Ortea, 1995).

Etimologia

Okenia. Dedicat al Prof. Dr. Ludwig Gilbert Lorenz Oken, (1779-1851), filòsof natural alemany, editor de la revista “Isis” i publicador del llibre “Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte”.
Mediterranea. Del Llatí “médium”, mig, espai intermedi, centre + “terra”, terra. De la Mar Mediterrània.

Distribució
Aquesta espècie ha estat reportada a Nàpols, Itàlia (Ihering, 1886; Schmekel, 1979; Schmekel & Portmann, 1982), a Numana, Itàlia (Cristian Magnani en Rudman, 2001), a Sicilia, Itàlia (Valdés y Ortea, 1995), a Lecce, Itàlia (Fabio Vitale i Cataldo Licchelli, 2016), a Antalya, Turquía (Haluk Akbatur en Rudman, 2001), també a Granada, Espanya (Sánchez-Tocino, 2000), a Algeciras, Espanya (Alma Sánchez en Rudman, 2001), a Almeria, Espanya (Moreno & Templado, 1998), a Vigo, Espanya (Valdés i Ortea, 1995; Carlos Fernández-Cid, 2017), a Palamós, Espanya (Enric Madrenas, 2009), a L’Escala, Espanya (Enric Madrenas, 2017) i a les Illes Medes, Espanya (Guillem Mas, 2013). També a Sines, Portugal (Calado et al. 2003) i a Madeira, Portugal (Valdés i Ortea, 1995). Es considera molt rara.

Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Okenia mediterranea

Fonts:

	OBIS
	GROC 2010-2011
	Enric Madrenas
	João Pedro Silva
	Bernard Picton
	GBIF

	OPK
	VIMAR
	Manuel Ballesteros
	M@re Nostrum
	Altres fonts
	Marine Regions

Abundància

Mediterrània occidental:	★☆☆☆☆
Mediterrània oriental:	★☆☆☆☆
Oceà Atlàntic:	★☆☆☆☆

Mes

Aquesta gràfica mostra la probabilitat d’observació mensual de Okenia mediterranea basada en els nostres propis registres.

Altres fotos

Okenia mediterranea @ Palamós (2009) by Enric Madrenas

Okenia mediterranea @ Islas Cíes, Ria de Vigo (Spain) by Carlos Fernández-Cid

Okenia mediterranea by José Carlos García Gómez

Okenia mediterranea @ Santa Maria al Bagno, Lecce, Italy 28-05-2016 by Fabio Vitale

Okenia mediterranea (front) @ Santa Maria al Bagno, Lecce, Italy 28-05-2016 by Cataldo Licchelli

Okenia mediterranea @ Santa Maria al Bagno, Lecce, Italy 28-05-2016 by Cataldo Licchelli

Okenia mediterranea @ L’Escala, Spain by Enric Madrenas

Okenia mediterranea @ L’Escala, Spain

Okenia mediterranea @ Tossa de Mar 18m by Marta Carrasco

Okenia mediterranea @ L’Escala, Spain by Enric Madrenas

Bibliografia

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Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2025) "Okenia mediterranea" a OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicat: 15/05/2012. Accedit: 27/07/2026. Disponible a (https://opistobranquis.info/ca/?p=410)

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