Felimida binza

Felimida binza (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963)

Felimida binza @ L'Escala per Enric Madrenas

Nota taxonòmica: Les espècies europees atlàntiques i mediterrànies dels gèneres Hypselodoris i Chromodoris, després de l´anàlisi molecular dels Chromodorididae de Johnson & Gosliner (2012, Traditional Taxonomic groupings mask evolutionary history: A molecular Phylogeny and new classification of the chromodorid nudibranchs. PLoS ONE 7 (4): 33479) s´han inclòs en els gèneres Felimare Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967 (les espècies d´Hypselodoris) i Felimida Ev. Marcus, 1971 (les espècies del gènere Chromodoris).

Aquesta espècie es coneixia darrerament com a Felimida britoi. El seu estatus ha estat discutit per alguns autors com Gosliner (1990), qui la considera sinònima de l’espècie del Carib F. clenchi. Ortea et al. (1994) va revisar les espècies de cromodòrids del grup de color similar a clenchi (F. clenchi, F. neona, F. binza, F. britoi) i conclouen que totes elles són espècies diferents. Més tard, Valdés (2000) va opinar que F. binza i F. britoi són possiblement la mateixa espècie, punt que sembla confirmat després del treball de Padula et al. (2016) on s’han portat a terme estudis moleculars. Tant WoRMS com CLEMAM encara consideren l’espècie F. britoi com a vàlida.

Sinònims

• Chromodoris britoi Ortea & Pérez, 1983 (original)
• Felimida britoi (Ortea & Pérez, 1983)

Descripció
El cos d’aquesta espectacular espècie de cromodorídid pot ser de color rosat, blavós o blau violaci i pot assolir una mida d’uns 20 mm de longitud. Es distingeix fàcilment de les altres espècies del mateix gènere per les bandes longitudinals del dors de color groc daurat: són tres bandes, la central pot ser una mica més pàl·lida i fins i tot blanca, i les seves vores poden estar només delineades de color groc daurat. Les dues bandes laterals solen tenir un recorregut una mica irregular i fins i tot estar fragmentades, tanmateix poden estar unides a la central en la seva zona mitjana. Les bandes laterals s’uneixen entre elles per la zona posterior i en la zona anterior, per davant dels rinòfors, també amb la banda mitjana. Aquesta línia central es bifurca per la zona posterior i envolta completament a la base de la beina branquial. El marge del mantell és força ampli, de color groc i per dins hi ha una franja blanquinosa ampla. Pot haver-hi també taques de color porpra intens prop de la vora del mantell i al llarg de tot el seu contorn. El disseny de les bandes grogues del dors pot variar lleugerament segons els exemplars. Al dors apareixen tubercles cònics molt petits d’àpex arrodonit, semitransparents, espaiats i de mida variable. Els rinòfors són del mateix color que el cos, amb el raquis posterior una mica més clar en alguns exemplars i disposen d’unes 16-20 laminetes; la beina rinofòrica és poc elevada i la seva vora superior és llisa. La brànquia està formada per unes 10 fulles branquials unipinnades, semitransparents i amb el raquis de color violaci o blavós. Quan l’animal es desplaça les fulles branquials es mantenen dretes i bastant juntes. La papil·la anal és de color blanc i es troba just al centre de la corona branquial. El peu és de color rosat, apreciant-se per transparència les vísceres més fosques en la seva meitat posterior; la part anterior del peu està eixamplada i el seu llavi anterior és fes. La boca té un parell de palps digitiformes. Per darrere, el peu diferència una cua curta que sobresurt per sota del mantell i posseeix una estria longitudinal dorsal de color groc.

Biologia
Aquesta espècie és relativament freqüent al litoral de la Mediterrània occidental, en substrats rocosos esciàfils amb esponges i sota pedres. Presenta glàndules defensives (MDF’s) situades a la banda blanca que envolta el mantell i que contenen metabòlits secundaris del tipus dels diterpenoides, possiblement obtinguts de les esponges que són el seu aliment (Àvila, 1993). La posta es compon d’una cinta semitransparent enrotllada en una espiral de dues voltes i mitja i d’uns 20 mm de diàmetre; la cinta té uns 2 mm d’alt i conté ous blancs disposats en línies i en dues capes, amb 9 o 10 ous cada línia.

Etimologia

• Binza. Desconeixem l’etimologia del nom específic. Els Marcus son coneguts per no donar habitualment explicacions als noms de les espècies descrites per ells.

Distribució
Després de la descripció original de l’espècie a les aigües de l’arxipèlag canari (Ortea & Pérez, 1983), aquesta espècie ha estat observada a Madeira, les Açores i a la Península Ibèrica, on s’ha trobat a la costa basca, a la zona de l’Estret de Gibraltar i a tota la costa mediterrània (Cervera et al. 2004). Sembla freqüent en el Golf de Nàpols i Sicília (Cattaneo-Vietti et al. 1990). També ha estat citada a les Balears (Darder, 2011). A les costes catalanes s’ha localitzat sovint en diversos punts de la Costa Brava com Es Caials, Cadaqués, l’Escala, Tossa de Mar, Cala Llevadó i Blanes.

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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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