Atalodoris inconspicua

Atalodoris inconspicua (Alder & Hancock, 1851)

Atalodoris inconspicua Gulen dive resort, March 2012. Collected by Torjus Haukvik per Bernard Picton

Nota taxonòmica: La família Onchidorididae Gray, 1827 inclou 5 gèneres: Acanthodoris Gray 1827; Adalaria Bergh, 1878; Atalodoris Iredale & Donoghue; 1923, Onchidoris Blainville, 1816; i Onchimira Martynov, Korshunova, N. Samayan & K. Samayan, 2009; i inclou un total de 56 espècies actualment acceptades (WoRMS, 2022). Excepte el gènere Acanthodoris, que inclou 15 espècies acceptades i tres dubtoses (una nomen dubium i dues taxa inquirenda) (WoRMS, 2022; Hallas et al., 2016), i el gènere monoespecífic Onchimira recentment descrit, representat per Onchimira cavifera Martynov et al. (2009), la resta dels gèneres mostren una història sistemàtica problemàtica. De fet, Adalaria, Atalodoris i Onchidoris (que inclouen respectivament 7, 17 i 16 espècies actualment acceptades) han estat objete de nombroses revisions en els darrers anys, produïnt avaluacions sistemàtiques disimilars, segons les diferents opinions dels diferents autors (Hallas & Gosliner, 2015; Martynov et al., 2009). La validesa del gènere Adalaria és actualment objecte de controversia; Hallas & Gosliner (2015) el van tractar com a sinònim de Onchidoris mentre que Martynov et al. (2009) el van considerar como un gènere vàlid. A més, Hallas & Gosliner (2015) van establir el gènere Knoutsodonta per incloure tots els Onchidorididae sense una dent raquídea, però aquest caràcter diagnòstic va ser prèviament establert com la sinapomorfía del gènere Atalodoris, descrit originalment per Iredale & Donoghue (1923) i, per aquesta raó, va ser restablert recentment per Ortea (2021) i actualment es considera vàlid.

Sinònims

• Doris inconspicua Alder & Hancock, 1851
• Onchidoris inconspicua (Alder & Hancock, 1851)
• Knoutsodonta inconspicua (Alder & Hancock, 1851)

Descripció
Cos de color blanc o marró clar, de vegades amb un tint violaci, amb una longitud màxima reportada d’uns 12 mm. Té nombroses taques superficials de color violeta, marró i groc que cobreixen el mantell. El mantell està recobert de tubercles arrodonits, els més centrals són més grans i no tenen espícules o les posseeixen molt reduïdes, mentre que els propers a la vora del mantell són més petits, però més espiculosos. Els rinòfors tenen l’àpex arrodonit i unes 14 làmines disposades més juntes que en altres espècies del gènere, i poden estar pigmentades de color marró. A la vora de cada obertura rinofòrica destaquen dos tubercles grans, un en posició anterior i l’altre lateral extern. A la part posterior del dors es distingeixen 7-10 fulles branquials unipinnades de mida molt similar envoltant l’anus. Cada fulla branquial presenta 7 laminetes, de vegades pigmentades de color marró, amb el raquis transparent. També es troben pigmentats de marró la vora externa del cercle branquial i l’àrea anal. Peu del mateix color que el cos, veient-se a través -per transparència- les vísceres de color marró-fosc. El vel bucal és de color clar amb alguna petita taca marró.

Biologia
Alder & Hancock van recol·lectar els dos espècimens originals sobre el briozou Cellepora pumicosa “dels vaixells de pesca d’aigües profundes”. Posteriorment Miller va publicar que Atalodoris inconspicua s’alimentava de Cellaria sinuosa, però probablement es tracti d’una identificació errònia d’Atalodoris oblonga. Chris Todd va trobar diversos espècimens a Robin Hood’s Bay i aquests aparentment s’alimentaven de Cellepora pumicosa i Porella concinna, per la qual cosa l’informe de Miller sobre l’alimentació s’ha de considerar dubtós. L’únic exemplar capturat a Galícia d’A. inconspicua es va trobar sobre briozous incrustants (no identificats) de l’intermareal, situats a la cara inferior de grans blocs de pedra que quedaven en sec amb la baixamar. La posta, que és dipositada sobre el mateix briozou, és un cordó groc-rosat de 0,5 mm d’amplada i enrotllat en una espiral d’unes 8 voltes. Els ous, groguencs, mesuren de mitjana unes 90 micres (entre 85 i 99 micres).

Espècies semblants
Atalodoris sparsa, també s’alimenta de Cellepora pumicosa i té un color semblant. No obstant això, es poden distingir perquè els seus rinòfors tenen únicament 8 o 9 lamel·les una mica separades i un patró força conspicu de grans tubercles disposats al voltant de les bases dels rinòfors. Aquests tubercles tenen una taca fosca a l’àpex.

Etimologia

• Atalodoris, de  “atalo”, juvenil, i “Doris”, nom d’una nimfa marina.
• Inconspicua. Del prefix llatí “in-“, negació + “conspicuus”, il·lustre, notable, famós, cridaner, visible, clarament visible, a la vista.

Distribució
A. inconspicua és una espècie força poc freqüent, coneguda a les costes britàniques, noruegues i bretones. Sembla haver-se trobat també al Bassin d’Arcachon. La seva captura en aigües gallegues (Ortea & Ballesteros, 1982) amplia la seva àrea de distribució cap al sud.

Altres fotos

Bibliografia

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de Blainville, H. M. (1816). Quatrième mémoire sur les mollusques, de l’ordre des Cyclobranches. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris, 1816, 93-97.
Furfaro, G., Trainito, E., Fantin, M., D’Elia, M., Madrenas, E., Mariottini, P. (2022). Mediterranean Matters: Revision of the Family Onchidorididae (Mollusca, Nudibranchia) with the Description of a New Genus and a New Species. Diversity, 15, 1-38. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15010038
Hallas, J., Gosliner, T. M. (2015). Family matters: The first molecular phylogeny of the Onchidorididae Gray, 1827 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 88: 16-27.
Iredale, T., O’Donoghue, C. H. (1923). List of british nudibranchiate mollusca. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15(5), 195-233.
Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

Més informació

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
• European Sea Slugs by Morddyn
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• World Register of Marine Species

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