Trapania orteai

Trapania orteai Garcia-Gomez & Cervera, 1989

Trapania orteai @ Sant'Agnello, Napoli, Italy 30-09-2010 per Fabio Russo

Descripció
Cos llis, allargat (fins a uns 30mm), limaciforme, amb la zona mitjana del dors més elevada que la resta, i l’extrem posterior acabat en punta. És de color blanc, amb taques generalment allargades, de color marró-vermellós o ataronjat, distribuïdes més densament sobre el dors i menys en els costats del cos, on arriben a ser molt aïllades, excepte a la regió caudal, que freqüentment té una taca (groga en els exemplars més joves) a prop de la vora del peu. Té dos parells de processos dorsals corbats (que donen nom al gènere), generalment inclinats cap enrere i amb la zona distal pigmentada de groc fins a una mica més de la meitat de la longitud total (virant gradualment a ataronjat o marró-vermellós en els exemplars adults): el primer parell se situa al costat dels rinòfors, mentre que el segon parell es situa al costat de les brànquies. Els dos tentacles orals, més llargs i fins que els processos dorsals, són de color groc en tota la seva longitud. El peu disposa en la seva part anterior de dos tentacles propodials, eixamplats per la base i una mica corbats, de color blanc. Els rinòfors són perfoliats i posseeixen entre 13 i 17 làmines. Els ulls se situen darrera dels rinòfors. Té tres brànquies tripinnades, parcialment contràctils, disposades al voltant de l’anus; el full branquial central és de major grandària (amb fins a 10 ramificacions en els exemplars grans) i està situada en una posició més anterior que les laterals. L’orifici genital s’obre en el costat dret prop de la base del procés extra-branquial. Els òrgans interns, de color fosc, poden observar-se per transparència a través del dors a la zona mitjana del cos.

Biologia
Els exemplars trobats a la Mediterrània solen trobar-se sobre esponges com Scalarispongia scalaris (Trainito & Doneddu, 2014). Se suposa que, com en les altres espècies de Trapania, s’alimenta de entoproctes, que solen créixer en la superfície del porífer. La posta consisteix en una cinta fistonada de color blanc adherida al substrat per una de les seves vores. La coloració de Trapania orteai és similar a la de T. maculata, si bé la forma general de les taques i el nombre d’aquestes varia. T. maculata té generalment una gran taca en cada flanc (no descrita en els exemplars britànics), que no existeix en T. orteai. Els tentacles propodials de T. orteai són de color blanc (groc en T. maculata) i els processos palials tentaculiformes són sensiblement més curts que els de T. maculata. Una altra espècie semblant és T. aureopunctata però les taques en T. orteai són més grans i nombroses i d’un to ataronjat més fort. A més, en T. aureopunctata els rinòfors, tentacles orals, brànquies i cua són de color blanc i tenen una o dues taques en els processos laterals.

Etimologia

• Trapania. El nom genèric original d’aquesta espècie era Drepania, proposat per Lafont el 1874. Pruvot-Fol el 1931 proposa canviar el nom genèric a Trapania per desambiguar-lo de Drepania Hübner, 1816 (un grup de lepidòpters). Madame Pruvot-Fol no indica la procedència del nom, però hi ha dues teories: la primera seria dedicada a la ciutat de Trapani, capital de província de la Sicília occidental; la segona seria derivada del nom genèric original Drepania, derivat del grec “Drepane” que significa «falç» i presumiblement es refereix a la forma dels apèndixs situats als costats dels rinòfors i brànquies en aquest gènere. Pruvot Fol hauria triat el nou nom basant-se que té el mateix sentit, però no el mateix so i evitar així confusions.
• Orteai. Dedicada al Dr. Jesús Ortea Rato, malacòleg espanyol del Departament de Zoologia de la Universitat d’Oviedo, en reconeixement a la seva fecunda tasca en l’estudi dels opistobranquis.

Distribució
Fins a la data únicament ha estat observada a la costa atlàntica de la Península Ibèrica, a l’Algarve (Gavaia et al., 2003) i a les costes de la província de Cadiz i Huelva, incloent la zona mediterrània de Tarifa (Cervera & García Gómez , 1989). La Badia de Nàpols (Itàlia) acull una bona població en les que serien les primeres cites clares per a la Mediterrània (Fabio Russo, com.pers.; Trainito & Doneddu, 2014). L’observació d’un exemplar solitari al Bajo de Piles, davant el Cap de Palos (Múrcia) per Julio Martínez el 7/12/2017 seria la primera observació confirmada per les costes mediterrànies ibèriques, mentre que l’observació feta el 26/10/2019 per Enric Pena d’un únic exemplar a 3 metres de profunditat a Torredembarra seria la primera per a aigües catalanes.

Altres fotos

Bibliografia

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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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