Home Guia de Llimacs Marins Acteonimorpha

Acteonimorpha

Els Acteonimorpha sĂłn un grup de mol·luscs gastròpodes heterobranquis marins que inclou espècies de mida generalment petita, moltes de les quals es caracteritzen per conservar una conquilla externa ben desenvolupada. A diferència de la majoria dels llimacs de mar, que presenten una reducciĂł considerable de la conquilla o n’han perdut completament, molts representants d’aquest grup mantenen una closca sòlida, sovint llisa o amb ornamentacions, que protegeix el cos de l’animal. Aquesta caracterĂ­stica els dona un aspecte mĂ©s semblant al dels cargols marins tradicionals, tot i que pertanyen al divers llinatge dels heterobranquis.

Acteon tornatilis per Manuel Ballesteros

Els seus representants habiten principalment els fons marins, sovint en aigües poc profundes, on viuen sobre sediments tous, entre els grans de sorra o associats a altres microhàbitats del substrat. Moltes espècies són discretes i difícils de detectar a causa de les seves dimensions reduïdes i dels seus hàbits de vida. Algunes poden enterrar-se parcialment en el sediment, una conducta que els permet desplaçar-se i alimentar-se en un entorn on passen fàcilment desapercebudes.

Una de les caracterĂ­stiques anatòmiques mĂ©s distintives dels Acteonimorpha Ă©s la presència d’un escut cefĂ lic, una estructura musculosa situada a la part anterior del cos que contribueix a explorar i remoure el sediment. En lloc dels tentacles cefĂ lics tĂ­pics de molts altres gastròpodes, aquests animals presenten una regiĂł cefĂ lica adaptada als seus hĂ bits de vida. La conquilla pot permetre que l’animal hi retregui completament el cos i, en algunes espècies, el tancament de l’obertura es reforça mitjançant un opercle.

La seva alimentació també reflecteix aquesta especialització ecològica. Diverses espècies són depredadores de petits invertebrats que viuen al sediment, especialment cucs marins, que localitzen i capturen en aquest entorn. Així, malgrat la seva aparença discreta, ocupen un nínxol ecològic propi dins les comunitats bentòniques.

Des del punt de vista evolutiu, els Acteonimorpha sĂłn especialment interessants perquè ajuden a comprendre la diversificaciĂł dels heterobranquis marins i la persistència de formes amb conquilla dins d’un grup que inclou tambĂ© nombrosos llimacs de mar. La classificaciĂł actual situa en aquest grup els Acteonoidea i els Rissoelloidea, d’acord amb les relacions evolutives reconegudes en les classificacions filogenètiques modernes.

La mida reduĂŻda, els hĂ bits sovint crĂ­ptics i la vida associada als sediments fan que moltes espècies siguin poc conegudes i difĂ­cils d’observar durant les immersions. Tanmateix, la seva anatomia particular i el seu paper en les comunitats bentòniques els converteixen en un grup d’interès per estudiar la diversitat dels gastròpodes marins i les diferents estratègies evolutives que han desenvolupat per adaptar-se al seu entorn.

La taxonomia dels Acteonimorpha segons WoRMS Ă©s la segĂĽent:

 

Espècies de Acteonimorpha citades al Mar Mediterrani o a la Península Ibèrica:

Bibliografia

    1246567 Acteonimorpha 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 14539 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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    Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.