Guia d’Opistobranquis Doridida Doridoidei Doridoidea Geitodoris planata

Geitodoris planata

Geitodoris planata (Alder & Hancock, 1846)

Geitodoris planata per Enric Madrenas

Informació taxonòmica WoRMS

Nom acceptat actual: Geitodoris planata (Alder & Hancock, 1846)

Classificació actual

Superdomain	Biota
Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Subclass	Heterobranchia
Infraclass	Euthyneura
Subterclass	Ringipleura
Superorder	Nudipleura
Order	Doridida
Infraorder	Doridoidei
Superfamily	Doridoidea
Family	Discodorididae
Genus	Geitodoris
Species	Geitodoris planata (Alder & Hancock, 1846)

Sinònims

Discodoris planata (Alder & Hancock)
Doris complanata Verrill, 1880
Doris planata Alder & Hancock, 1846 (original)
Doris testudinaria Risso, 1826
Geitodoris complanata (A. E. Verrill, 1880)

Descripció
Els exemplars d’aquesta espècie de nudibranqui poden arribar a més de 4 cm de longitud (la grandària màxima citada és de 65 mm, Picton & Morrow, 2010). El cos és molt aplanat i a aquesta característica es deu el seu nom específic. La coloració general és marró-vermellosa, més fosca o clara segons els diferents animals. Els marges del dors poden ser d’un to més clar. En la majoria dels casos són molt visibles a simple vista unes zones blanquinoses o de color crema de forma estelada situades en el dors, el qual està adornat amb tubercles arrodonits de diverses grandàries, destacant en la zona central uns més grans envoltats d’uns altres més petits. Els tubercles més grans solen ser de color clar cremós i també uns altres de grandària intermèdia que estan disposats de forma radial partint del central; aquesta disposició de tubercles clars és la que proporciona al dors de l’animal les seves típiques taques estelades. En alguns exemplars poden observar-se taques irregulars més grans de color crema. Alguns tubercles poden ser lleugerament pedunculats. Amb la lupa binocular es pot apreciar que en el dors també existeixen nombroses línies blanques que formen un reticle i tendeixen també a confluir a la base dels tubercles més grans. Els rinòfors són de color marró, iguals que el dors, especialment a la seva zona laminar, on existeixen unes 20-25 laminetes situades molt juntes, el mucró terminal està molt poc desenvolupat. La zona alaminar dels rinòfors és una mica més clara a causa de la menor densitat de taques marrons i aquestes es reuneixen a la zona dorsal de la base per formar una banda marró longitudinal. La beina rinofòrica és elevada i la seva vora superior està lobulada, en tota la seva superfície hi ha tubercles com els de el dors; quan el rinòfor es retreu dins el cap, els lòbuls de la beina s’abaten per tancar l’orifici rinofòric. La brànquia està formada per 6-8 fulles branquials tripinnades del mateix color del cos però amb nombroses taques d’un color blanc-cremós que les aclareixen una mica. Les fulles branquials són bastant llargues i la seva raquis està corbada quan estan completament esteses. La beina branquial és una mica elevada, la seva vora superior està lleugerament lobulada i també disposa de tubercles. Quan les fulles branquials es retreuen en el cos, la beina es tanca en forma d’una esquerda transversal i orientada cap a enrere. La papil·la anal és tubular, de color blanquinós però amb puntuacions marrons i l’orifici anal té forma de 4 lòbuls. La papil·la anal és pulsàtil. El peu és de color groc ataronjat uniforme igual que la cara inferior del mantell, que té petites taques marrons allà on van a confluir unes fines línies en disposició radial. El peu és solcat i enfonsat en la part anterior, i la boca poseeix dos palps orals curts de color groguenc.

Nota identificativa: Aquesta espècie ha estat confosa en el passat amb una altra gran espècie de doridaci amb tubercles en el dors, Doris pseudoargus, que és molt variable en quant a coloració i que una de les seves variabilitats cromàtiques pot semblar-se a la de G. planata. No obstant això D. pseudoargus no té palps orals digitiformes al costat de la boca, com sí en té G. planata. Una altra espècie, Discodoris stellifera, té també tubercles en el dors i la típica estructura de taques estelades clares en el dors, però només es pot distingir de G. planata per la seva ràdula: D. stellifera té les dents radulars marginals finament denticulades mentre que els de G. planata són llisos i de tipus espatulat. És molt difícil per tant identificar ambdues espècies sobre la base de la seva morfologia externa, per la qual cosa les cites d’ambdues espècies basades en fotografies o observacions visuals poden ser errònies.

Biologia
Els animals d’aquesta espècie de doridaci són molt sedentaris i tenen moviments lents. Sol trobar-se sota pedres, des de molt poca profunditat, i de vegades és localment abundant. S’alimenta d’esponges, entre les quals s’ha citat Mycale rotalis, una esponja de color ataronjat que sol viure sota pedres. La posta de G. planata és una cinta un xic fistonada i enrotllada en espiral, de 5-6 mm d’amplada i d’una longitud total que pot arribar fins a 15 cm. Els ous són blancs o lleugerament groguencs i es disposen en 2-3 capes en la cinta, dins de càpsules transparents que poden contenir un o dos ous. La grandària dels ous esta al voltant de les 80 micres i el de les càpsules al voltant de les 120 micres.

Etimologia

Geitodoris. Del Grec “geitonos”, veí (en el sentit de proper o semblant) + “Doris”, en la mitologia grega, dona de Nereo, nimfa de les aigües i mare de les Nereides.
Planata. Deriva del Llatí “planus” relatiu que té el dors molt aplanat.

Distribució
Geitodoris planata es distribueix per totes les costes europees, des de Noruega fins al Mediterrani. En les costes del sud del Regne Unit és localment abundant. En les costes peninsulars ibèriques s’ha citat en totes les zones menys a Galícia i la costa llevantina. També observada a Balears, Canàries, Açores i Madeira (Cervera et al. 2004). En les costes catalanes està citada, entre altres localitats, a la Cala Sant Antoni (Port Lligat), L´Escala, Cala Bona i Cala Giverola (Tossa de Mar), cala Aiguafreda (Begur), Blanes i moltes d’altres.

Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Geitodoris planata

Fonts:

	OBIS
	GROC 2010-2011
	Enric Madrenas
	João Pedro Silva
	Bernard Picton
	GBIF

	OPK
	VIMAR
	Manuel Ballesteros
	M@re Nostrum
	Altres fonts
	Marine Regions

Abundància

Mediterrània occidental:	★★☆☆☆
Mediterrània oriental:	★☆☆☆☆
Oceà Atlàntic:	★★★☆☆

Mes

Aquesta gràfica mostra la probabilitat d’observació mensual de Geitodoris planata basada en els nostres propis registres.

Videos

Altres fotos

Geitodoris planata by Enric Madrenas

Geitodoris planata by José Carlos García Gómez

Geitodoris planata @ Netherlands 7-02-2017 by Stefan Verheyen

Geitodoris planata @ Netherlands 8-06-2017 by Stefan Verheyen

Geitodoris planata @ Netherlands 10-03-2017 by Stefan Verheyen

Geitodoris planata mating @ Netherlands 30-11-2017 by Stefan Verheyen

Geitodoris planata spawn @ Netherlands 17-05-2017 by Stefan Verheyen

Geitodoris planata @ Netherlands 7-02-2018 by Stefan Verheyen

Geitodoris planata @ Netherlands 11-05-2018 by Stefan Verheyen

Geitodoris planata @ Netherlands 29-03-2018 by Stefan Verheyen

Geitodoris planata @ France by Pascal Girard

Geitodoris planata @ Costa Brava, Spain by Manuel Ballesteros

Geitodoris planata @ Costa Brava, Spain by Miquel Pontes

Geitodoris planata @ Costa Brava, Spain by Manuel Ballesteros

Bibliografia

1246567 Geitodoris planata 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 498 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/

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Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2025) "Geitodoris planata" a OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicat: 16/05/2012. Accedit: 27/07/2026. Disponible a (https://opistobranquis.info/ca/?p=498)

Geitodoris planata