Rhodope veranii

Rhodope veranii Kölliker, 1847

Rhodope veranii 6mm @ Rovinj, Croatia 1985 per Maria Mizzarro-Wimmer

Nota taxonòmica: inicialment, a causa del seu aspecte semblant a un cuc, Rhodope veranii es va classificar erròniament com a turbel·lari. Amb el temps, la seva classificació ha estat debatuda, però avui dia es reconeix com a gasteròpode dins de la subclasse Heterobranchia. L’espècie tipus del gènere Rhodope (Rhodope veranii) es va descriure inicialment amb una barra transversal de color vermell fosc entre el primer i el segon terç del seu cos (Kölliker 1847). Estudis posteriors, però, han observat una variació en la coloració d’aquesta barra entre els exemplars, que va des del marró vermellós fins a tons taronges (Salvini-Plawen, 1991; Haszprunar i Heß, 2005; Wilson et al., 2017). El que sembla ser el caràcter diagnòstic d’aquesta espècie és la longitud de la barra transversal, que ocupa un terç del cos. La forma de l’extrem de la barra de color va ser descrita per Kölliker com una “T” conspicua, però s’ha observat una certa variabilitat en la uniformitat de la barra de color al llarg del dors, amb alguns exemplars que presenten una forma transversal més uniforme (Wilson et al. 2017; Fernández-Simón et al., 2025).

Descripció
Té un cos semblant a un cuc, allargat i aplanat, que normalment mesura fins a 6 mm de llarg quan està completament estès. La regió del cap és lleugerament diferent i més estreta en comparació amb la resta del cos. Notablement, aquesta espècie no té diverses característiques comunes a altres gasteròpodes, com ara un peu, mandíbules, ràdula, brànquies o cor. Els ulls estan profundament incrustats a la regió del cap i el cos conté espícules allargades i lleugerament corbes que oscil·len entre 70 i 170 μm de longitud. La coloració és generalment de color groguenc o blanc, adornada amb una barra transversal de color vermell fosc entre el primer i el segon terç del seu cos, característica d’aquesta espècie.

Biologia
Se sap que Rhodope veranii s’alimenta de larves d’esponja i presenta un moviment lent en comparació amb els turbel·laris. Normalment es troba sobre algues, especialment a Ulva (Riedl, 1983), tot i que els exemplars trobats per Fernández-Simón et al. (2025) es van associar amb Codium i alguns sobre grans de sorra. Pon entre 6 i 30 ous relativament grans que tenen desenvolupament directe. Actualment, les espècies es distingeixen pel seu patró de color.

Espècies Semblants
Mentre que el color principal (cos blanc amb patró taronja) es comparteix amb diverses espècies de Rhodope, Rh.veranii difereix de totes les altres pel seu patró taronja diferent. Haszprunar i Heß (2005) van presentar una visió general de totes les espècies de Rhodope amb nom (i algunes sense nom), amb un dibuix esquemàtic del patró taronja per tal de facilitar identificacions futures.

Etimologia

• Rhodope. Del grec antic “Ῥοδόπη” ‎(Rhodópē), una de les 3,000 Oceànides, nimfes d’aigua filles dels Titans Oceanus i la seva germana-esposa Tethys.
• Veranii. En honor del Cavaller Jean Baptiste Vérany, (1800-1865), farmacèutic Francès, qui el 1846 va esdevenir un dels dos fundadors de un Museu d’Història Natural a Niça, França.

Distribució
Fins ara només es troba al mar Mediterrani: Sicília, Itàlia (localitat tipus, Kölliker 1847); Croàcia (Salvini-Plawen 1991; Haszprunar i Heß 2005; Wilson et al. 2017), al nordest d’Espanya (Fernández-Simón et al., 2025) i la darrera cita al sud d’Espanya (Granada) al setembre 2025.

Altres fotos

No tenim (més) fotos de Rhodope veranii

Bibliografia

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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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