Runcinida

Els Runcinida són un petit grup de mol·luscs gasteròpodes heterobranquis marins tradicionalment relacionats amb els llimacs marins. Són animals de mida reduïda, amb el cos tou i sense una conquilla externa visible en l’adult. El seu aspecte és discret i la seva anatomia presenta diverses característiques especialitzades que els diferencien d’altres grups d’heterobranquis.

Runcina coronata per Luis Ángel Díaz Álvarez

Els Runcinida viuen principalment en ambients marins poc profunds, on es poden trobar sobre substrats rocosos, entre algues, sota pedres o en altres hàbitats bentònics protegits. La seva petita mida i el seu comportament críptic fan que siguin difícils de detectar durant els mostrejos habituals. Es coneixen de diferents regions marines, però la seva distribució real encara pot estar poc documentada.

Una de les seves característiques més distintives és el cos petit, allargat i generalment aplanat, amb una forma adaptada al desplaçament sobre el substrat. El cap presenta estructures sensorials, mentre que el peu permet l’animal desplaçar-se per la superfície. Els adults no tenen una conquilla externa desenvolupada, tot i que les seves característiques anatòmiques els situen dins dels heterobranquis amb una història evolutiva relacionada amb formes conquillades.

La biologia dels Runcinida encara és poc coneguda. Són animals bentònics i algunes espècies estan estretament associades a determinades algues o altres organismes del substrat. La seva alimentació sembla estar relacionada amb petits organismes o material orgànic disponible sobre la superfície on viuen, però encara es disposa de poca informació detallada sobre la seva dieta i el seu comportament alimentari.

Des del punt de vista evolutiu, els Runcinida són especialment interessants per la seva combinació de característiques primitives i especialitzades. La seva posició dins dels Heterobranchia ha estat objecte d’estudis anatòmics i moleculars, que han contribuït a comprendre millor les seves relacions amb altres grups de gasteròpodes heterobranquis. La seva petita mida i morfologia senzilla mostren com diferents llinatges de gasteròpodes han evolucionat cap a formes de vida bentòniques molt especialitzades.

Tot i que els runcínids rarament són observats pels bussejadors, formen part de la diversitat poc coneguda dels heterobranquis marins. La seva petita mida, el seu aspecte discret i la seva biologia encara poc estudiada els converteixen en un grup interessant per als estudis taxonòmics i evolutius. Els mostrejos dirigits, especialment entre algues i en altres hàbitats bentònics poc profunds, poden contribuir a millorar el coneixement sobre la seva diversitat i distribució.

La taxonomia dels Runcinida segons WoRMS és:

Espècies de Runcinida citades a la mar Mediterrània o a la península Ibèrica:

Runcina adriatica

Runcina africana

Runcina avellana

Runcina bahiensis

Runcina brenkoae

Runcina capreensis

Runcina coronata

Runcina ferruginea

Runcina hansbechi

Runcina ornata

Runcina zavodniki

Bibliografia

1246567 Runcinida 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 7365 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.