Rubramoena rubescens

Rubramoena rubescens (Picton & Brown, 1978)

Rubramoena rubescens per Bernard Picton

Nota taxonòmica: Les anàlisis filogenètiques realitzades per Cella et al. (2016) van revelar que la família Tergipedidae tradicional és polifilètica i pertany a un clade monofilètic més gran que inclou membres de les famílies tradicionals Eubranchidae, Fionidae i Calmidae; aquest va ser un resultat inesperat, ja que la validesa d´aquests taxons i la seva distinció dels Tergipedidae mai havia estat qüestionada abans. Es proposa unir les famílies Tergipedidae, Eubranchidae, Calmidae i Fionidae sota el nom de Fionidae. Dins Fionidae, els resultats obtinguts van demostrar la necessitat de desenvolupar una nova classificació, ja que les classificacions anteriors (per exemple, separant Catriona, Cuthona i Trinchesia com a taxons diferents) eren inconsistents amb la filogènia resultant. Aquests anàlisis també recuperen un clade (Tenellia) que inclou a tots els membres dels gèneres Tenellia, Trinchesia, Phestilla, Catriona i la majoria de les espècies descrites i no descrites de Cuthona. Es proposen nous gèneresRubramoena, Abronica i Tergiposacca per agrupar altres espècies. També suggereixen que Fionidae és ric en complexos d´espècies críptiques, difícils de separar pels caràcters taxonòmics tradicionals, i amb una gran diversitat d´espècies no detectades prèviament.
Pocs mesos després Korshunova et al. (2017) reprenen l´estudi de la filogènia dels Tergipedidae i utilitzant no només dades moleculars sinó també morfològiques i ontogenètiques realitzen una crítica severa al treball de Cella et al. (2016), proposant reinstaurar les famílies Calmidae, Eubranchidae, Fionidae, Tergipedidae, Cuthonidae, Cuthonellidae i Trinchesiidae, essent aquesta última la més abundant en taxons específics. També reinstauren els gèneres Catriona, Diaphoreolis, Phestilla i Trinchesia que en el treball de Cella et al. (2016) havien estat inclosos dins del gènere Tenellia. Korshunova et al. descriuen a més un gènere nou, Zelentia que inclou a Z. pustulata (espècie tipus Eolis pustulata Alder & Hancock, 1854), a Z. fulgens (MacFarland, 1966) i una nova espècie del mar de Barents, Z. Ninel, indicant p-distances importants entre les tres espècies (entre 10.49% i 13.83%). Tots els gèneres anteriors, Korshunova et al. (2017) els consideren dins de la família Trinchesiidae. També qüestionen la validesa del gènere Rubramoena de Cella et al.
La posició de WoRMS és de tipus conservador, mantenint les famílies Cuthonidae, Calmidae, Cuthonellidae, Eubranchidae, Fionidae, Pseodovermidae, Tergipedidae i Trinchesiidae dins de la superfamília Fionoidea. Les espècies europees que fins fa poc estaven considerades com Cuthona, WoRMS les considera dins del gènereTrinchesia, com T.albopunctata, T.caerulea, T.foliata, T.genovae, T.granosa, T.ilonae, T.miniostriata i T.ocellata. Rubramoena és també considerat un gènere vàlid a WoRMS. Aquestes opinions són les que considerem a OPK mentre no hi hagi altres dades més concloents.

Malgrat els estudis recents qüestionen la validesa del gènere Rubramoena, mantenim la proposta de Cella et al. (2016) per classificar les antigues espècies Cuthona amoena i Cuthona rubescens dins d’aquest gènere. Ambdues espècies són aparentment similars, però Picton i Brown (1978) van indicar les principals diferències externes en la seva descripció.

Sinònims

• Cuthona rubescens Picton & Brown, 1978
• Eolis amoena Alder & Hancock. 1855
• Cratena amoena Walton, 1908

Descripció
Aquest nudibranqui és petit, aconseguint una longitud màxima d’uns 18 mm, encara que els adults solen mesurar entre 12 i 15 mm. El seu cos és de color blanc translúcid, cosa que fa que els ulls i les mandíbules de color marró fosc siguin visibles per transparència. El dors i els cerata estan coberts de taquetes blanquinoses, que es concentren més a prop de les puntes i en les bases anteriors dels cerata. La glàndula digestiva apareix verdosa dins del cos, mentre que als cerata mostra diversos tons de verd oliva o marró. Els cerata tenen forma de fus amb puntes romes i estan disposats en fins a 11 fileres, cadascuna amb un màxim de sis cerata per filera a cada costat. En general, presenten una banda ampla i incompleta de color marró vermellós o taronja prop de la base, amb taques blanques disperses que es concentren més a la zona distal on es troba el cnidosac. Els rinòfors són llisos i lleugerament més llargs que els tentacles orals i s’estrenyen fins a formar una punta roma. Són principalment blancs a les seves superfícies posteriors, amb una distintiva banda marró vermellosa fosca al mig. Els tentacles orals tenen una banda dorsal blanca contínua (una característica visible fins i tot als juvenils), i no tenen la banda marró vermellosa fosca que s’observa als rinòfors. El porus genital està ubicat anteriorment al costat dret del cos, mentre que l’anus està posicionat davant dels cerata més interns de la primera fila poscardíaca dreta. El peu està arrodonit anteriorment amb cantons lleugerament angulars. La cua és curta i punxeguda, encara que pot no estendre’s més enllà del darrer parell de cerata.

Biologia
Aquesta espècie viu i s’alimenta principalment de l’hidrari Halecium halecinum. Normalment es troba en superfícies de roca en zones semi-arrecerades amb algun moviment de corrents. La posta consisteix en una cinta fina enredada entre les branques de l’hidrari. La majoria dels avistaments registrats són de zones submareals poc profundes, normalment a fondàries de 10 a 30 metres, amb individus observats habitualment entre els 12 i els 15 metres. Una espècie molt propera, Rubramoena amoena, també s’alimenta de H. halecinum.

Etimologia

• Rubramoena. Es refereix als noms específics de les dues espècies del gènere: Rubramoena amoena (espècie tipus) i Rubramoena rubescens.
• Rubescens. Vermellós en llatí.

Distribució
Rubramoena rubescens es troba al voltant de totes les illes Britàniques, des de les Òrcades al nord fins a Cornualla al sud-oest, tant a la costa est com a l’oest. La seva distribució geogràfica també s’estén per les altres costes del mar del Nord, incloent Noruega, Dinamarca i els Països Baixos. També al Mediterrani occidental.

Altres fotos

Bibliografia

1246567 Rubramoena rubescens 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 45904 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

Més informació

• Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
• iNaturalist
• Scottish Nudibranchs
• Sea Slug Forum
• The Marine Flora & Fauna of Norway
• WoRMS

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