Doto acuta

Doto acuta Schmekel & Kress, 1977

Doto acuta @ Naples (Italy) by Schmekel & Kress (1977) by OPK

Taxonomic note: Doto acuta was originally described by Schmekel and Kress (1977) in their revision of the genus Doto from the Mediterranean Sea and the English Channel. Based on Mediterranean material, they assigned the species to the genus Doto Oken, 1815. The systematics of Dotidae has been the subject of morphological and molecular revisions because of the similarities between species and the existence of cryptic diversity. Shipman and Gosliner (2015) reviewed the systematics of the genus using morphological characters and molecular data, while Vázquez-Alcaide et al. (2025) published a subsequent systematic revision of Doto.

Description
Doto acuta is a small nudibranch, with a maximum observed length of approximately 7 mm; the holotype measured 3.5 mm. The body is elongated and translucent, with a cadmium-yellow coloration and small black spots. The rhinophores are smooth and bear a black pigmented band just below the apex, as well as another, more diffuse band lower down. The cerata are bulbous and bear tubercles arranged in rings; the tips of these tubercles have black spots. A black pigmented line has also been described on the inner surface of the base of the cerata.

Biology
The species has been found associated with the hydroid Obelia geniculata, on which the holotype was collected in the original material from the vicinity of Capo Posillipo, Naples, at a depth of approximately 10 m. The hydroid was growing on the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. In the genus Doto, feeding involves piercing the hydroid perisarc and sucking out the contents of the gastrovascular cavity, without directly consuming the polyps. Reproduction in Doto involves the deposition of egg masses on the substrate or in association with the hydroid colonies on which the animals feed.

Etymology

• Doto, from Latin Doto, the name of a sea nymph, derived from Greek Dōtō.
• Acuta, from Latin acutus, -a, -um, meaning sharp, pointed, or acute.

Distribution
Schmekel and Kress (1977) recorded the species at Capo Posillipo, Naples, in the central Mediterranean, which is considered the type locality. Trainito & Doneddu (2015) cite this species in the Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo MPA (northeast Sardinia). and Furfaro et al (2020) cite this species in Santa Maria al Bagno, Lecce (Italy). Marín and Ros (1990) reported it from the Spanish Levantine coast.

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Bibliography

1246567 Doto acuta 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 48791 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Templado, J., Villanueva, R. (2010). Checklist of Phylum Mollusca. pp. 148-198 In Coll, M., et al., 2010. The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. PLoS ONE 5(8):36pp.
Thompson, T. E., Brown, G. H. (1984). Biology of Opisthobranch Molluscs. Vol. 2. Ray Society, London 156, pp. 229:
Trainito, E., Doneddu, M. (2014). Nudibranchi del Mediterraneo (2nd.). Il Castello.
Urgorri, V. (1983). Algunos aspectos inéditos y complementarios de Doto verdicioi Ortea y Urgorri, 1978 (Moluscos, Opistobranquios). Trabajos Compostelanos de Biología 47 (1): 3-28.
Urgorri, V. (1981). Opistobranquios de Galicia: Estudio faunístico y zoogeográfico. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela.
Vázquez-Alcaide, D., Salvador, X., Giribet, G., Hooker, Y., Schrödl, M., Moles, J. (2025). Systematic revision of the speciose sea slug genus Doto (Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia) from the Mediterranean to South America. Marine Biodiversity, 56(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-025-01600-6
WoRMS Editorial Board. (2026). World Register of Marine Species. WoRMS. Disponible en: http://www.marinespecies.org
Bibliography based on the works by Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 and Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, with later updates from other resources.

Further reading

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• BiologiaMarina.org
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• World Register of Marine Species

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