Catriona aurantia (Alder & Hancock, 1842)
Superdomain | Biota | |
Kingdom | Animalia | |
Phylum | Mollusca | |
Class | Gastropoda | |
Subclass | Heterobranchia | |
Infraclass | Euthyneura | |
Subterclass | Ringipleura | |
Superorder | Nudipleura | |
Order | Nudibranchia | |
Suborder | Cladobranchia | |
Superfamily | Fionoidea | |
Family | Trinchesiidae | |
Genus | Catriona | |
Species | Catriona aurantia (Alder & Hancock, 1842) | |
Classification according to Bouchet et al. (2017) Taxonomic source: World Register of Marine Species (AphiaID: 156699). |
Taxonomic note: The phylogenetic analyses performed by Cella et al. (2016) revealed that the traditional Tergipedidae family is polyphyletic and belongs to a larger monophyletic clade including members of the traditional families Eubranchidae, Fionidae and Calmidae; this was an unexpected result, since the validity of these taxa and their distinctness from the Tergipedidae was never questioned before. They proposed to join the families Tergipedidae, Eubranchidae, Calmidae and Fionidae under the name of Fionidae. Within Fionidae, obtained results demonstrated the need of developing a new classification as previous classifications (for instance, separating Catriona, Cuthona and Trinchesia as distinct taxa) were inconsistent with the resulting phylogeny. Analyses also recover a clade (Tenellia) that includes all members of the genera Tenellia, Trinchesia, Phestilla, Catriona and the majority of described and undescribed Cuthona species. New genera Rubramoena, Abronica and Tergiposacca are proposed to group other species. This molecular study also suggests that Fionidae is rich in cryptic species complexes, difficult to separate by traditional taxonomic characters, and a great previously undetected species diversity.
A few months later Korshunova et al. (2017) take up the study of the phylogeny of the Tergipedidae and using not only molecular data but also morphological and ontogenetic data they severely criticise the work by Cella et al. (2016), proposing to reinstate the families Calmidae, Eubranchidae, Fionidae, Tergipedidae, Cuthonidae, Cuthonellidae and Trinchesiidae, the latter being the most abundant in specific taxa. They also reinstate the genera Catriona, Diaphoreolis, Phestilla and Trinchesia that in the paper by Cella et al. (2016) had been included in the genus Tenellia. Korshunova et al. also describe a new genus, Zelentia that includes Z. pustulata (type species Eolis pustulataAlder & Hancock, 1854), Z. fulgens (MacFarland, 1966) and a new species from the Barents Sea, Z. ninel, indicating important p-distances among the three species (between 10.49% and 13.83%). All previous genera, Korshunova et al. (2017) consider them within the family Trinchesiidae. They also question the validity of the Rubramoena genus of Cella et al.
The position of WoRMS is conservative, maintaining the families Cuthonidae, Calmidae, Cuthonellidae, Eubranchidae, Fionidae, Pseudovermidae, Tergipedidae and Trinchesiidae within the superfamily Fionoidea. The European species that, until recently, were considered as Cuthona, WoRMS considers them within the genus Trinchesia, as T.albopunctata, T.caerulea, T.foliata, T.genovae, T.granosa, T.ilonae, T.miniostriata and T.ocellata. Rubramoena is also considered a valid genus in WoRMS. These opinions are those that we accept in OPK while no other more conclusive data are available.
Synonyms
- Eolis aurantia Alder & Hancock, 1842
Description
Biology
Etymology
- Aurantia, from Latin “aurantiacus”, golden colored.
Distribution
Sources: | |
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References for the species: Catriona aurantia
- Cantabria: Ortea (1977c), Fernández-Ovies (1981, as Trinchesia aurantia).
Galicia: Urgorri and Besteiro (1983, 1984, both as Cuthona gymnota).
Portugal: García-Gómez et al. (1991).
Andalucía (Atl.): Cervera and García (1986).
Gibraltar: García-Gómez (1987).
General: Behrens, 1980:84[P]; Cattaneo-Vietti, Chemello, & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 1990:183[P]; Picton & Morrow, 1994:108[P]; Schmekel & Portmann, 1982:259[P] as Catriona gymnota; Brown, 1980:244; Brown & Picton, 1979:28; Dekker, 1989:104; Hayward, Wigham, & Yonow, 1990:728; Swennen, 1987:47; Thompson, 1988:274; Thompson & Brown, 1984:123[P] as Cuthona gymnotaSources: Cervera et al., 2004, Ballesteros, 2007 & 2016, McDonald, 2006 and other sources.
Abundance
Western Mediterranean: | ![]() |
Eastern Mediterranean: | ![]() |
Atlantic Ocean: | ![]() |
More pictures
Bibliography
Further reading
- AsturNatura
- Biodiversity Heritage Library
- BiologiaMarina.org
- DORIS
- Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
- Flickr pictures
- Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
- NCBI GenBank
- OBIS - Search by Taxon
- Scottish Nudibranchs
- The Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
- World Register of Marine Species
Cite this article as:
Ballesteros, Manuel, Enric Madrenas, Miquel Pontes (2021) "Catriona aurantia" in OPK-Opistobranquis. Published: 13/10/2014. Accessed: 04/03/2021. Available at (https://opistobranquis.info/en/xnh1O)