Catriona aurantia

Catriona aurantia (Alder & Hancock, 1842)

Catriona aurantia by Klas Malmberg

Taxonomy

	Superdomain	Biota
	Kingdom	Animalia
	Phylum	Mollusca
	Class	Gastropoda
	Subclass	Heterobranchia
	Infraclass	Euthyneura
	Subterclass	Ringipleura
	Superorder	Nudipleura
	Order	Nudibranchia
	Suborder	Cladobranchia
	Superfamily	Fionoidea
	Family	Trinchesiidae
	Genus	Catriona
	Species	Catriona aurantia  (Alder & Hancock, 1842)
	Classification according to Bouchet et al. (2017) Taxonomic source: World Register of Marine Species (AphiaID: 156699).

Taxonomic note: The phylogenetic analyses performed by Cella et al. (2016) revealed that the traditional Tergipedidae family is polyphyletic and belongs to a larger monophyletic clade including members of the traditional families Eubranchidae, Fionidae and Calmidae; this was an unexpected result, since the validity of these taxa and their distinctness from the Tergipedidae was never questioned before. They proposed to join the families Tergipedidae, Eubranchidae, Calmidae and Fionidae under the name of Fionidae. Within Fionidae, obtained results demonstrated the need of developing a new classification as previous classifications (for instance, separating Catriona, Cuthona and Trinchesia as distinct taxa) were inconsistent with the resulting phylogeny. Analyses also recover a clade (Tenellia) that includes all members of the genera Tenellia, Trinchesia, Phestilla, Catriona and the majority of described and undescribed Cuthona species. New genera Rubramoena, Abronica and Tergiposacca are proposed to group other species. This molecular study also suggests that Fionidae is rich in cryptic species complexes, difficult to separate by traditional taxonomic characters, and a great previously undetected species diversity.
A few months later Korshunova et al. (2017) take up the study of the phylogeny of the Tergipedidae and using not only molecular data but also morphological and ontogenetic data they severely criticise the work by Cella et al. (2016), proposing to reinstate the families Calmidae, Eubranchidae, Fionidae, Tergipedidae, Cuthonidae, Cuthonellidae and Trinchesiidae, the latter being the most abundant in specific taxa. They also reinstate the genera Catriona, Diaphoreolis, Phestilla and Trinchesia that in the paper by Cella et al. (2016) had been included in the genus Tenellia. Korshunova et al. also describe a new genus, Zelentia that includes Z. pustulata (type species Eolis pustulataAlder & Hancock, 1854), Z. fulgens (MacFarland, 1966) and a new species from the Barents Sea, Z. ninel, indicating important p-distances among the three species (between 10.49% and 13.83%). All previous genera, Korshunova et al. (2017) consider them within the family Trinchesiidae. They also question the validity of the Rubramoena genus of Cella et al.
The position of WoRMS is conservative, maintaining the families Cuthonidae, Calmidae, Cuthonellidae, Eubranchidae, Fionidae, Pseudovermidae, Tergipedidae and Trinchesiidae within the superfamily Fionoidea. The European species that, until recently, were considered as Cuthona, WoRMS considers them within the genus Trinchesia, as T.albopunctata, T.caerulea, T.foliata, T.genovae, T.granosa, T.ilonae, T.miniostriata and T.ocellata. Rubramoena is also considered a valid genus in WoRMS. These opinions are those that we accept in OPK while no other more conclusive data are available.

Often synonymized with Catriona gymnota, nowadays they are considered to be different species. C.gymnota occurs only on the American side of the Atlantic as far as we know, while C.aurantia occurs on the European side. Synonymy should be made only when there is overwhelming evidence, but in the 1980s they didn’t anticipate DNA and believed in widespread species (Bernard Picton, pers.comm.).

Synonyms

• Eolis aurantia Alder & Hancock, 1842

Description

Biology

Etymology

• Aurantia, from Latin “aurantiacus”, golden colored.

Distribution

Known georeferenced records of the species: Catriona aurantia
Sources:
: OBIS : GROC 2010-2011 : Enric Madrenas : João Pedro Silva : Bernard Picton : GBIF.ORG	: OPK : VIMAR : Manuel Ballesteros. : M@re Nostrum : Altres fonts : Marine Regions

References for the species: Catriona aurantia

Cantabria: Ortea (1977c), Fernández-Ovies (1981, as Trinchesia aurantia). Galicia: Urgorri and Besteiro (1983, 1984, both as Cuthona gymnota). Portugal: García-Gómez et al. (1991). Andalucía (Atl.): Cervera and García (1986). Gibraltar: García-Gómez (1987).
General: Behrens, 1980:84[P]; Cattaneo-Vietti, Chemello, & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 1990:183[P]; Picton & Morrow, 1994:108[P]; Schmekel & Portmann, 1982:259[P] as Catriona gymnota; Brown, 1980:244; Brown & Picton, 1979:28; Dekker, 1989:104; Hayward, Wigham, & Yonow, 1990:728; Swennen, 1987:47; Thompson, 1988:274; Thompson & Brown, 1984:123[P] as Cuthona gymnota
Sources: Cervera et al., 2004, Ballesteros, 2007 & 2016, McDonald, 2006 and other sources.

Abundance

Western Mediterranean:
Eastern Mediterranean:
Atlantic Ocean:

More pictures

Bibliography

1246567 Catriona aurantia items 1 entomological-society-of-america author asc 1 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
Bibliography based on the works by Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 and Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, with later updates from other resources.

Further reading

• AsturNatura
• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• BiologiaMarina.org
• DORIS
• Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• Scottish Nudibranchs
• The Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
• World Register of Marine Species

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