Guide to Opisthobranchs Nudibranchia Doridina Doridoidei Polyceroidea Crimora papillata

Crimora papillata

Crimora papillata (Alder & Hancock, 1862)

Crimora papillata @ L'Escala by Enric Madrenas

Taxonomy

	Superdomain	Biota
	Kingdom	Animalia
	Phylum	Mollusca
	Class	Gastropoda
	Subclass	Heterobranchia
	Infraclass	Euthyneura
	Subterclass	Ringipleura
	Superorder	Nudipleura
	Order	Nudibranchia
	Suborder	Doridina
	Infraorder	Doridoidei
	Superfamily	Polyceroidea
	Family	Polyceridae
	Subfamily	Triophinae
	Genus	Crimora
	Species	Crimora papillata Alder & Hancock, 1862

	Classification according to Bouchet et al. (2017) Taxonomic source: World Register of Marine Species (AphiaID: 141707).

Description
It is a species that can reach a length over 30 mm in European Atlantic waters, but measures less than 15 mm in the Mediterranean. The color of the body varies from white (mainly in european North Atlantic specimens) to a more or less strong yellowish tint, but always semitransparent, so some organs can be seen through the integument. The back is not smooth but has a lot small yellow or orange tubercles unevenly scattered on it, that can also be found in the margins of the mantle. The anterior margin of the head has a series of irregular tubercles, bifurcated or trifurcated and pointy. The side walls of the body and the back of the tail also have tubercles. The rhinophores have an upper laminated zone with up to 15 lamellae and the base portion is partially transparent; the rinophoric sheath is slightly elevated and its upper edge is smooth. In the rear of the dorsum the are 3 gill leaves, joined at the base and directed backwards, which are coloured semitransparent but have an orange central axis. The gill leaves are bipinnate and simply contractile. Slightly ahead of the gill there is the cardiac region, if observed by stereomicroscope heart contractions can be seen by transparency. The foot is relatively narrow, in its anterior region it forms two short propodial tentacles; it tends to widen backwards, forming a tail that protrudes the back and the sides of the animal’s mantle. The mouth appears as a longitudinal slit in the middle of a large, semicircular oral veil.

Biology
This species is usually found in the infralittoral zone, from 5 to 50 m depth, usually on or near the bryozoan colonies it feeds on, such as Bugula sp., Chartella papyracea, Ch.tenella, Flustra foliacea, Securiflustra securifrons or Membranipora membranacea. On the coasts of Catalonia this species has been observed spawning on the bryozoan Flustra foliacea; the spawn consist of a narrow ribbon of about 1.5 mm wide forming an irregular spiral wound two turns and a half and with a size of about 9 x 6 mm. Eggs, about 80-90 microns in diameter, are yellow, having about 12-13 eggs across the width of the ribbon.

Etymology

Crimora, genus described by Alder & Hancock in 1862, dedicated to the daughter of Rinval, a heroine of Gaelic poetry that, in the Poems of Ossian, died of grief after mistakenly killing Connal, the love of his life.
papillata means that if has papillae, according to the glossary of latin names by Bernard Picton at his web site Nudibranchs of the British Isles

Distribution
This species, after being described by Alder & Hancock in 1862 is not mentioned again until nearly 100 years later when Gantés (1956) finds it in the Atlantic coast of Morocco. Shortly after it is cited in the Mediterranean (Banyuls-sur-Mer, Haefelfinger, 1962; Naples, Schmekel, 1968). Ros (1975) certifies its presence in Iberian waters by collecting several specimens in Fuenterrabía. Today it is widely known in all European Atlantic coasts, from Ireland and the British isles to the Iberian Peninsula and the Canary islands. In the Iberian Peninsula it has been cited in all Atlantic and Mediterranean shores, also known in the Balearic islands (Darder, 2011). In the Catalan coast it has been observed in different localities of the Costa Brava, including the Medes islands and the Formigues islands.

Known georeferenced records of the species: Crimora papillata
Sources:
: OBIS : GROC 2010-2011 : Enric Madrenas : João Pedro Silva : Bernard Picton : GBIF.ORG	: OPK : VIMAR : Manuel Ballesteros. : M@re Nostrum : Altres fonts : Marine Regions

Abundance

Western Mediterranean:	★★☆☆☆
Eastern Mediterranean:	★☆☆☆☆
Atlantic Ocean:	★★★☆☆

Month

This chart displays the monthly observation probability for Crimora papillata based on our own records.

Videos

More pictures

Crimora papillata by Enric Madrenas

Crimora papillata

Crimora papillata by Enric Madrenas

Crimora papillata with spawn by Enric Madrenas

Crimora papillata (Portugal) by Joao Pedro Silva

Radula de Crimora papillata by Luis Sánchez-Tocino

Crimora papillata (Galicia) by Carlos Fernández-Cid

Crimora papillata by Nani Díez

Crimora papillata @ France by Pascal Girard

Crimora papillata with spawn by Manuel Ballesteros

Crimora papillata @ Costa Brava (Spain) by Miquel Pontes

Crimora papillata @ Granada por Luis Sánchez Tocino

Bibliography

Abraham, P. S. 1877. Revision of the anthobranchiate nudibranchiate Mollusca with descriptions or notices of forty-one hitherto undescribed species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877: 196-269 [agosto].

Aguado, F., and S. López González. 2015. Moluscos Nudibranquios de la Costa Tropical. Asociación Buxus & Ayuntamiento de Motril.

Alder, J. 1869. Account of the British Nudibranchiata. Jeffrey’s British Conchology 5:18-94.

Alder, J., and A. Hancock. 1862. Descriptions of a new genus and some new species of naked Mollusca. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (3) 10: 261-265.

Anderson, J. 1999. Crimora papillata accessed through: Scottish Nudibranchs on 2014-12-21. (http://www.nudibranch.org/Scottish Nudibranchs/crimora-papillata.html).

Ballesteros, M. 1982. Estado actual de la fauna de Doridaceos (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) de las costas Catalanas. Oceanografia de la Mediterrania Occidental, Res. Com Oral Reunion Soc. Cat. Biologia, 2 pp.

Ballesteros, M. 1980. Contribución al conocimientos de los Sacoglosos y Nudibranquios (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia). Estudio anatómico, sistemático y faunístico de las especies del mediterráneo español. Tesis Doctoral.

Ballesteros, M. 2007. Lista actualizada de los opistobranquios (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) de las costas catalanas. Spira. 2: 163–188.

Ballesteros, M., E. Madrenas, and M. Pontes. 2016. Actualización del catálogo de los moluscos opistobranquios (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) de las costas catalanas. Spira. 6: 1–28.

Ballesteros, M., M. Pontes, and E. Madrenas. 2015. Opisthobranch from Medes Islands (Marine Protected Area, Costa Brava, Catalonia, NE Spain): 40 years of study.

Ballesteros, M., M. Pontes, and E. Madrenas. 2019. Els nudibranquis del mar català. Brau Edicions, Figueres.

Ballesteros, M., E. Madrenas, and M. Pontes. 2023. OPK - Opistobranquis. (https://opistobranquis.info/).

Barletta, G. 1981. Gasteropodi nudi (Pleurobranchomorpha, Sacoglossa, Aplysiomorpha e Nudibranchia) Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, Guide per il riconoscimento delle specie animali delle acque lagunari e costiere italiane AQ/1/92, 3. Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano (9):1-124.

Barletta, G., and G. Melone. 1976. Nudibranchi del Promontorio di Portofino (Genova) (Gastropoda Nudibranchia). Natura, Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Milano 67(3-4):203-236.

Barletta, G., M. Mariani, and C. Perego. 1990. Considerazioni preliminari sugli opistobranchi viventi nella baia di Paraggi (Ge). Lavori della Societa Italiana di Malacologia 23:247-260.

Bedulli, D., R. Cattaneo-Vietti, R. Chemello, F. Ghisotti, and F. Giovine. 1995. Gastropoda Opisthobranchia, Divasibranchia, Gymnomorpha, Fascicolo 15, pp. 1-23. In: A. Minelli, A. Ruffo, & S. La Posta (Eds.). Checklist delle specie fauna italiana, Checklist delle specie della Fauna Italiana. Calderini, Bologna.

Bergh, L. S. R. 1883. Beitrage zu einer Monographie der Polyceraden. III. Verhandlungen der koniglich-kaiserlich Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien (Abhandlungen) 33:135- 180, pls. 6-10.

Bergh, R. 1892. System der Nudibranchiaten Gasteropoden. Malacologische Untersuchungen. In: Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen von Dr. Carl Gottfried Semper. Zweiter Theil#Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Band 7, Theil 5. [pp. 1–51, pls 1–4, Mar. 1897; pp. 53–115, pls 5–8, Dec. 1897; pp. 117–158, pls 9–12, Nov. 1898; pp. 159–208, pls 13–16, 27 Mar. 1900; pp. 209–256, pls 17–20, 29 Jan. 1901; pp. 257–312, pls. 21–24, 15 Oct. 1901; pp. 313–382, pls 25–29, 7 Oct. 1902].

Bielecki, S., G. Cavignaux, J. M. Crouzet, and S. Grall. 2011. Des limaces de rêve.

Brown, G. H., and B. E. Picton. 1979. Nudibranchs of the British Isles — a colour guide. Underwater Conservation Society, Manchester, by R. Earll.

Calado, G., M. Malaquias, C. Gavaia, J. L. Cervera, C. Megina, B. Dayrat, Y. Camacho, M. Pola, and C. Grance. 2003. New data on opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the southwestern coast of Portugal. Boletín Instituto Español de Oceanografía 19 (1-4): 199-204.

Calado, G., V. Urgorri, R. Gaspar, and F. J. Cristobo. 1999. Catálogo de los moluscos opistobranquios bentónicos de las costas de Setúbal-Espichel (Portugal). Nova Acta Científica Compostelana (Bioloxía) 9: 285-294.

Canessa, M., G. Bavestrello, R. Cattaneo-Vietti, G. Furfaro, M. Doneddu, A. Navone, and E. Trainito. 2021. Rocky substrate affects benthic heterobranch assemblages and prey/predator relationships. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 38: 539-558. 261: 1–13.

Cattaneo-Vietti, R. 1986. Alcune considerazioni sui molluschi opistobranchi del Mar Ligure. Lavori Societa Italiana di Malacologia 22:85-96.

Cattaneo-Vietti, R., and G. Barletta. 1984. Elenco preliminare dei molluschi opistobranchi viventi nel Mediterraneo (Sacoglossa, Pleurobranchomorpha, Acochlidiacea, Aplysiomorpha, Nudibranchia). Bollettino Malacologico (Pubblicazione Mensile Edita dalla Societa Italiana di Malacologia) 20(9-12):195-218.

Cattaneo-Vietti, R., and M. Sordi. 1988. On a new species of the family Triophidae (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from the Mediterranean Sea. Basteria 52 (1-3): 49-59.

Cattaneo-Vietti, R., and T. E. Thompson. 1989. Mediterranean opisthobranch molluscs: a zoogeographic approach. Bollettino Malacologico (Pubblicazione Mensile Edita dalla Societa Italiana di Malacologia) 25(5-8):183-204.

Cattaneo-Vietti, R., R. Chemello, and R. Giannuzzi-Savelli. 1990. Atlas of Mediterranean Nudibranchs. La Conchiglia, Rome, Italy.

Cervera, J. L., G. Calado, C. Gavaia, M. A. E. Malaquías, J. Templado, M. Ballesteros, J. C. García-Gómez, and C. Megina. 2004. An annotated and updated checklist of the opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Spain and Portugal (including islands and archipelagos). Boletín Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 20 (1-4): 1-111. L.

Cervera, J. L., J. Templado, J. C. García-Gómez, M. Ballesteros, J. Ortea, F. J. García, J. Ros, and A. A. Luque. 1988. Catálogo actualizado y comentado de los Opistobranquios (Mollusca, Gastropoda) de la Península Ibérica, Baleares y Canarias, con algunas referencias a Ceuta y la isla de Alborán. Iberus, supl. 1: 1-84.

de Montaudouin, X., and P.-G. Sauriau. 2000. Contribution to a synopsis of marine species richness in the Perthuis Charentais Sea with new insights in soft-bottom macrofauna of the Marennes- Oléron Bay. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 41(2):181-222.

Debelius, H., and R. H. Kuiter. 2007. Nudibranchs of the world. IKAN- Unterwasserarchiv, Frankfurt.

Doneddu, M., B. Manunza, and E. Trainito. 1995. Opistobranchi del Nord Sardegna: censimento ed annotazioni. Biologia Marina Mediterranea II (2): 369-370.

Edmunds, M. 1991. Does warning coloration occur in nudibranchs. Malacologia 32(2):241-255.

Edmunds, M. 1987. Color in opisthobranchs. Western Society of Malacologists Annual Report 19:24.

Edmunds, M. 1987. Color in opisthobranchs. American Malacological Bulletin 5(2):185-196.

Eliot, C. N. E. 1910. A monograph of the British nudibranchiate Mollusca: with figures of the species; Figures by the late Joshua Alder and the late Albany Hancock, and others. Ray Society, London.

Fischer, P. 1867. Catalogue des nudibranches et céphalopodes des côtes océaniques de la France. Journal de Conchyliologie (3) 15 (1): 5-15 [gennaio 1867] 17 (1).

Fischer, P. 1875. Catalogue des nudibranches et cephalopodes des cotes oceaniques de la France (1)–(3e supplement). Journal de Conchyliologie, series 3, 23:204-214.

Furfaro, G., F. Vitale, C. Licchelli, and P. Mariottini. 2020. Two Seas for One Great Diversity: Checklist of the Marine Heterobranchia (Mollusca; Gastropoda) from the Salento Peninsula (South-East Italy). Diversity. 12: 171.

Garcia, F. J., and H. Bertsch. 2009. Diversity and distribution of the Gastropoda Opisthobranchia from the Atlantic Ocean: A global biogeographic approach. Scientia Marina. 73: 153–160.

García Gómez, J. C. 1983. Moluscos opistobranquios del Estrecho de Gibraltar y Bahía de Algeciras. Iberus. 41–46.

García-Gómez, J. C. 1983. Moluscos Opistobranquios del Estrecho de Gibraltar y Bahía de Algeciras. Iberus 3: 41-46.

García-Gómez, J. C. 2002. Paradigmas de una fauna insólita; Los moluscos opistobranquios del estrecho de Gibraltar (Serie Ciencias) 20: 397 pp. Instituto de Estudios Gibraltareños. Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain.

García-Gómez, J. C., J. L. Cervera, F. J. García, and C. M. López de la Cuadra. 1989. Resultados de la Campaña Internacional de Biología Marina “Ceuta-86”: Moluscos Opistobranquios. Bollettino Malacologico. 25: 223–232.

García-Gómez, J. C., J. L. Cervera, F. J. García, J. A. Ortea, S. F. García-Martin, A. Medina, and L. P. Burnay. 1991. Resultados de la campaña internacional de biología marina “Algarve 88”: moluscos opistobranquios. Bollettino Malacologico 27 (5-9): 125-138.

Haefelfinger, H. R. 1962. Crimora papillata Alder 1862, opisthobranche nouveau pour la Mediterranee. Vie et Milieu 13(1):161-165.

Hayward, P. J., G. D. Wigham, and N. Yonow. 1990. Mollusca I: Polyplacophora, Scaphopoda, and Gastropoda; pp. 628-730, In: , The marine fauna of the British Isles and north-west Europe, volume 2, xvi + 996 pp. Oxford University Press.

Hunnam, P., and G. Brown. 1975. Sublittoral nudibranch Mollusca (sea slugs) in Pembrokeshire waters. Field Studies 4(2):131-159.

Jeffreys, J. G. 1862. British Conchology. London, van Voorst : Vol. 1: pp. CXIV + 341 [1862]. Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864] Il frontrespizio reca la data 1863 ma in effetti pubblicato nel 1864. Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. J. Van Voorst.

Steve Long, 2006

Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000

Gary McDonald, 2009

Bibliographia Nudibranchia

Further reading

Cite this article as:

Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2023) "Crimora papillata" in OPK-Opistobranquis. Published: 15/05/2012. Accessed: 22/09/2023. Available at (https://opistobranquis.info/en/?p=424)

To copy this cite click on the right button.

Crimora papillata