Cuthona correai

Cuthona correai Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002

Cuthona correai @ Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain 30.04.2025 by Dennis Rabeling

Taxonomic note: Cuthona correai was originally described in the genus Cuthona by Ortea, Caballer & Moro (2002), within the species complex related to Cuthona willani. The revision by Korshunova, Fletcher & Martynov (2025) considerably restricted the concept of Cuthona and proposed transferring this species to ‘Trinchesia’, under the combination ‘Trinchesia’ correai (Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002). This transfer forms part of a profound reorganization of aeolids proposed by those authors, in which many species traditionally included in Cuthona were reassigned to other genera. In the case of C. correai, Korshunova et al. explicitly include it as ‘Trinchesia‘ correai comb. nov. However, WoRMS currently maintains Cuthona correai as the accepted name, and the updated catalogue of opisthobranch molluscs of the Canary Islands also continues to use it. Moles et al. (2026) did not establish a specific reversal of Trinchesia correai to Cuthona correai. Their contribution mainly concerns the higher classification of nudibranchs, supporting the maintenance of Nudibranchia in the broad sense, with Doridina and Cladobranchia as its two major lineages, in contrast to the more restrictive interpretation proposed by Korshunova et al. (2025). Therefore, we provisionally retain Cuthona correai Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002 here, which is the name currently used by WoRMS and the Canary Islands sources, while indicating Trinchesia correai as the combination proposed by Korshunova et al. (2025).

Synonyms

• ‘Trinchesia’ correai (Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002) proposed by Korshunova et al. (2025)

Description
A small aeolid nudibranch with a very transparent body, about 2.5–3 mm long in the specimens from the original description. The body allows the internal organs and the brown hepatic lobes of the cerata to be seen through the body wall. There is a diffuse red spot in the cardiac region. The dorsum and flanks are covered with numerous small, rounded snow-white spots, which also occur on the head, on the basal half of the rhinophores and oral tentacles, and towards the middle of the cerata (Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002). The rhinophores and oral tentacles are cylindrical, of similar thickness and coloration, and bear a conspicuous carmine ring around their middle, separating a snow-white distal region from a basal hyaline region speckled with small white dots. The rhinophores are slightly longer than the oral tentacles and approximately as long as the largest cerata (Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002). The cerata are relatively short and do not show the irregular arrangement characteristic of Cuthona willani. In the two original specimens, two pre-cardiac rows were observed, with two cerata in each, and three post-cardiac rows, arranged 2-2-1. The tail is short and does not extend posteriorly beyond the last cerata when these are laid back (Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002). The foot is hyaline, and the pink ovotestis can be seen through the body wall. The anus is acleioproctic and is situated in front of the first post-cardiac row of cerata (Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002).

Biology
The species was described from specimens collected on hydroids on rocky bottoms at the low-tide limit. Subsequent data indicate an association mainly with hydrozoans of the genus Eudendrium, on which it may occur together with numerous athecate epibiont hydrozoans. Its presence directly on hydroids in the intertidal zone has also been reported, although no particular species was established as an exclusive prey (Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002; Pérez-Polo, Urgorri & Díaz-Agras, 2026). The original description states that the egg mass is cup-shaped (Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002). The original description did not provide sufficient data on the number of eggs, capsule dimensions, embryonic development, or larval type.

Etymology

• Correai. Dedicated by the authors to D. Fermín Correa Rodríguez, in acknowledgement of his collaboration in the production of the exhibition “Moluscos Opistobranquios, un acierto evolutivo“.

Distribution
The type locality is Los Cristianos, Arona, Tenerife, Canary Islands, and the second original specimen came from Punta del Hidalgo, also in Tenerife. Faunistic catalogues of the Canary Islands have retained the species among the nudibranchs of the archipelago (Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002; Hernández, Jiménez & Moro, 2005). A recent photographic source also documents a specimen identified as Cuthona correai in Lanzarote, photographed by Dennis Rabeling in 2025. The published distribution should be treated with some caution. The 2003 Fauna Ibérica synthesis listed only Tenerife, and the work by Pérez-Polo et al. (2026), despite studying two specimens from the Valencian Community collected in 2017, still states in its distribution section that the species had only been reported from Tenerife.

More pictures

Bibliography

1246567 Cuthona correai 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 41246 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E., Pontes, M. (2026). OPK - Opistobranquis. Disponible en: https://opistobranquis.info/ [Accedido 6 de marzo de 2026]
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Hernández, F., Jiménez, S., Moro, L. (2005). Catálogo del material tipo de especies marinas del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Tenerife (Canarias). I: cnidarios, moluscos (en parte), peces osteíctios, anélidos poliquetos y quetognatos. Vieraea, 33, 241-260.
Korshunova, T., Fletcher, K., Martynov, A. (2025). The endless forms are the most differentiated—how taxonomic pseudo-optimization masked natural diversity and evolution: the nudibranch case. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 204(4), zlaf057. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf057
Long, S. J. (2006). Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000. Bayside Books & Press, Tustin, CA, U.S.A. 672p.
McDonald, G. (2009). Bibliographia Nudibranchia. 2nd Online Edition, Annotated. 1072 pp  Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. Disponible en: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8115h0wz
Moro, L., Martín Esquivel, J. L., Garrido Sanahuja, M. J., Izquierdo Zamora, I. (2003). Lista de especies marinas de Canarias (algas, hongos, plantas y animales). Consejería de Política Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias.
Ortea, J., Moro, L., Bacallado, J. J. (2015). Babosas Marinas Canarias. Turquesa Ediciones.
Ortea, J., Caballer, M., Moro, L. (2002). Primeros datos sobre un complejo de especies alrededor de Cuthona willani Cervera, García & López, 1992 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) en la Macaronesia y Marruecos. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 13(3-4), 101-112.
Pérez-Polo, S., Urgorri, V., Díaz-Agras, G. (2026). Check-List of the Sacoglossa and Nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda) From Comunitat Valenciana (Spain). Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 42, 72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-026-01052-0
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Bibliography based on the works by Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 and Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, with later updates from other resources.

Further reading

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• World Register of Marine Species

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