Polycera kernowensis Korshunova, Driessen, Picton & Martynov, 2021
Polycera kernowensis @ Asturias, Spain by Luis Ángel Díaz Álvarez
Taxonomy | Superdomain | Biota |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Mollusca |
| Class | Gastropoda |
| Subclass | Heterobranchia |
| Infraclass | Euthyneura |
| Subterclass | Ringipleura |
| Superorder | Nudipleura |
| Order | Nudibranchia |
| Suborder | Doridina |
| Infraorder | Doridoidei |
| Superfamily | Polyceroidea |
| Family | Polyceridae |
| Subfamily | Polycerinae |
| Genus | Polycera |
| Species | Polycera kernowensis Korshunova, Driessen, Picton & Martynov, 2021 |
| |
| Classification according to Bouchet et al. (2017) Taxonomic source: World Register of Marine Species (AphiaID: 1541498). |
Taxonomical note: Korshunova et al (2021) published their work on the
Polycera quadrilineata cryptic complex, where four species from the European Atlantic shores were recognized based on a multidisciplinary approach (molecular, morphological, phylogenetic, phylogeographical and ecological) to species determination. In this work, the authors determined that
Polycera faeroensis reports included another cryptic species (new to science) that they have named
Polycera kernowensis, that can be easily determined by the shape of the structure protecting the gills, one pair of single lateral processes without tubercles in
P. kernowensis, and one pair of wing-like lateral lobes with multiple small tubercles or extensions in
P. faeroensis. Moreover,
P. kernowensis usually has less than nine appendages of the frontal veil, while
P. faeroensis has commonly more than nine frontal appendages, among other anatomical differences.
Description
Body with a maximum length of 20 mm, translucent white, in which the visceral mass is visible by transparency. It has a frontal veil on the head with up to 9 finger-like cephalic processes coloured yellow. Rhinophores have between 14 and 15 lamellae with a documented maximum of 22 (Korshunova et al. 2021) with yellow tips. The gills have between 4 and 7 unipinnate or partially multipinnate white leaves with yellow tips. The gills are flanked by a single lobe, without tubercles or any kind, coloured white with a yellow distal end. The foot is narrow, translucent white, with a yellow edge at the end of the tail where it joins with a thin mid-dorsal yellow band of the same colour. In its anterior part it is slightly notched in the middle, and has two propodial yellow tentacles, slightly thickened to form a double edge. Eyespots are located on the notum, behind the rhinophores, on a light coloured area.
Biology
Polycera kernowensis is common in shallow-water, as it has been found from 8 to 30 m, on stony and muddy substrates. It feeds on bryozoans Bicellariella ciliata and Scrupocellaria spp.
Etymology
- Polycera. From Greek “polys”, many + “keras”, horns.
- Kernowensis, derived from an old name for Cornwall, where this species is commonly found.
Distribution
With the type locality in the United Kingdom, it has also been found in the Netherlands, North of Spain, Portugal, and in the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, in both Atlantic and Mediterranean shores.
Abundance
Western Mediterranean: | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Eastern Mediterranean: | ☆☆☆☆☆ |
Atlantic Ocean: | ★★☆☆☆ |
MonthThis chart displays the monthly observation probability for Polycera kernowensis based on our own records.
Videos
More pictures
Polycera kernowensis @ Galicia by Carlos Fernández Cid
Polycera kernowensis @ Galicia by Carlos Fernández Cid
Polycera kernowensis @ Gibraltar Strait (Spain) by José Carlos García
Polycera kernowensis @ Portugal by Joao Pedro Silva
Polycera kernowensis @ Parque Natural da Arrábida, Portugal by Joao Pedro Silva
Bibliography
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Polycera kernowensis
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