Martadoris mediterranea

Martadoris mediterranea (Domínguez, Pola & Ramón, 2015)

Martadoris mediterranea @ La Herradura (Granada) per Enric Madrenas

Nota taxonòmica: L’espècie més semblant a M. mediterrània és M. limaciformis, descrita per Eliot (1908) al Mar Roig. Les dues espècies comparteixen diverses característiques morfològiques i anatòmiques, com un color corporal base d’intens color vermell safrà amb petits punts blancs o groguencs escampats pel dors i els costats del cos. No obstant això, la presència de color porpra en les puntes dels rinòfors i de les fulles branquials són distintives en M. limaciformis (Baba, 1960 i Pola et al. 2006a). Per descartar la possibilitat que M. mediterrània fos en realitat M. limaciformis introduïda a través del Canal de Suez (com es creia anteriorment), es van portar a terme anàlisis filogenètiques resultant en espècies diferents (Domínguez et al. 2015). Willan & Chang (2017) la van desplaçar al nou gènere Martadoris  Willan & Chang, 2017.

Sinònims

• Tambja mediterranea  Domínguez, Pola & Ramón, 2015

Descripció
Aquesta espècie té el cos allargat i limaciforme, acabat en una cua punxeguda. El cos arriba a una longitud de 10 mm. El color base del cos és vermell ataronjat. El dors està cobert de tubercles arrodonits de color blanquinós o groguenc. En alguns exemplars els tubercles són grans i generalment disposats en tres fileres al llarg del cos, mentre que en altres els tubercles són més petits i dispersos irregularment pel dors. El cap és arrodonit anteriorment, amb un parell de rinòfors amb aproximadament 15-20 laminetes. Els rinòfors són retràctils i disposen de beines elevades, són de color vermell fosc amb la punta de color blanquinós. Els tentacles orals són curts i tenen una ranura al llarg. La brànquia té 3 fulles tripinnades no retràctils, amb un raquis de color taronja-vermellós i fulles blanquinoses o groguenques. Hi ha ranures laterals per sota dels rinòfors. El peu i els tentacles orals són de color vermell-ataronjat.

Biologia
Encara no hi ha dades sobre la biologia d’aquesta espècie. Els primers espècimens recol·lectats a Mallorca es van trobar a 53 m de profunditat en un fons de sorra de gra mitjà, en una zona coberta predominantment per algues vermelles Phyllophora crispa. Els espècimens de Malta es van recollir com a descart de les xarxes dels pescadors calades a 50-60 m de profunditat, juntament amb fulles de Posidonia oceanica i maërl. Els espècimens de Granada es van trobar sobre algues vermelles calcàries a 23 m de profunditat però la darrera cita de Mallorca es va trobar a 45 metres. Un únic espècimen observat a Catalunya es va trobar a 48 metres de profunditat, sobre una gorgònia Eunicella singularis.

Etimologia

• Mediterranea. Del Llatí “médium”, mig, espai intermedi, centre + “terra”, terra. De la Mar Mediterrània.

Distribució
És una espècie de molt recent descripció, basada en exemplars trobats a l’illa de Mallorca (Campanya oceanogràfica DRAGONSAL 2014) i a Malta (Fom Ir-Rih, 1/07/2014: C. Mifsud en Sammut, 2016). A la costa de Granada (La Herradura, 6/12/2013: F. Aguado, com. pers.), al litoral italià (Secce de Tor Paterno, 30/08/2014: G. Salera, com. pers.) i a Malta (Illa de Gozo, 19/06/2015: H. Domnick en Köhler, 2016) hi ha cites de Martadoris limaciformis (Eliot, 1908) que ara s’han assignat a Martadoris mediterranea (Domínguez et al., 2015). L’observació d’un exemplar d’aquesta espècie, de 7,9 cm de longitud, al Cap Norfeu, Roses, sobre la gorgònia Eunicella singularis a 48 m de profunditat (11/09/2015: J.M. Báñez i J. Barcia, GROC), amplia la seva distribució en el litoral mediterrani ibèric, així com la seva mida màxima registrada, que fins al moment era de 20 mm (23/09/2006: G. & P. Peels en Köhler, 2016; 19/06/2015, H. Domnick en Köhler, 2016). Una observació a 50 metres de profunditat d’Elena Bretaudeau a la Pota del Llop (Illes Medes) en 2024 confirma la presència en aigües catalanes, si bé sempre a fondària. Una cita de Mallorca (Sòller, 4/12/2016: L. Juskaničová, Com. Pers.) a 45 metres de fondària, i un informe recent (Enric Ballesteros, Com. Pers.) del setembre de 2020 a Na Foradada (Cabrera , Espanya) a 35 metres confirma la presència estable de l’espècie a les Illes Balears. Les cites més orientals d’aquesta espècie prové de l’illa de Samos (Grècia) en què s’informa de dos espècimens trobats a una profunditat de 8 metres (Tatjana Stockmann i Benjamin Gundacker, Com.Pers. i fotos adjuntes) al setembre de 2020; també Poursanidis & Gubili {in} Báez et al (2025) informen de 2 exemplars trobats en 22 metres de fondària sobre Posidonia oceanica en el Parc Nacional Marí d’Alonissos, Grècia el Juny de 2021, i un altre exemplar trobat a uns 10 metres de fondària, sobre Chondrosia reniformis, a Plakias, Sur de Creta, Grècia, l’Octubre de 2021.

Video

 

Altres fotos

Bibliografia

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McDonald, G. (2009). Bibliographia Nudibranchia. 2nd Online Edition, Annotated. 1072 pp  Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. Disponible en: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8115h0wz
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Willan, R. C., Chang, Y.-W. (2017). Description of three new species of Tambja (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Polyceridae) from the western Pacific Ocean reveals morphological characters with taxonomic and phylogenetic significance for traditional Polyceridae and related «phaneorobranch» nudibranchs. Basteria. 81(1-3): 1-23.
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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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