Placida verticilata

Placida verticilata Ortea, 1982

Placida verticilata @ L'Escala by Enric Madrenas per Enric Madrenas

Descripció
Els exemplars d’aquesta espècie solen mesurar entre 7-10 mm de longitud. El color de fons del cos és blanquinós però està emmascarat pel gran desenvolupament dels diverticles de la glàndula digestiva, ramificada per tot el cos (dors, cap, flancs del cos, rinòfors, papil·la anal, cerata, i peu) i que, en estar plens de cloroplasts, li proporcionen una coloració verda oliva a tot l’animal. Els rinòfors son fins i llargs i estan acanalats en la seva cara anterior. Els ulls son poc visibles i estan ubicats just darrere de la base dels rinòfors. La papil·la anal és tubular, estreta i llarga i es troba situada davant de l’àrea cardíaca, a l’altura dels primers cerates del dors. La glàndula digestiva es ramifica extraordinàriament per tot el cos no distingint-se en ocasions els conductes hepàtics principals. Hi ha de 30-40 cerata al dors, allargats, fusiformes i acabats en una punta arrodonida; dins de cada cerata hi ha un conducte hepàtic gruixut de color verd oliva que va emetent alternadament a una i altra banda curtes ramificacions arrodonides del mateix color. El peu és blanquinós i arrodonit anteriorment, on forma dos lòbuls roms laterals.

Nota morfològica: P. verticilata és molt semblant a P. dendrítica, de la qual se diferencia pels rinòfors més llargs i simplement acanalats -son auricul·lats i enrotllats en P. dendrítica- i per les ramificacions de la glàndula digestiva dins dels cerata, que en P. verticilata són simples i verticil·lades, mentre que en P. dendritica son complexes i ramificades.

Biologia
Aquesta espècie de sacoglós viu, com també ho fa l’espècie similar P. dendrítica, sobre els tal·lus de l’alga clorofícea ramificada del gènere Codium, de la qual s’alimenta i amb la qual guarda un perfecte mimetisme cromàtic. Com passa en altres sacoglosos, en alimentar-se de l’alga no digereix els cloroplasts ingerits i els va acumulant en les complexes ramificacions de la glàndula digestiva. Aquests cloroplasts funcionen correctament durant diverses setmanes, efectuant la fotosíntesi i sintetitzant compostos orgànics, dels quals també se’n aprofita el sacoglós. La posta està constituïda per un cordó aplanat, enrotllat molt atapeïdament en una espiral plana; els ous són de color blanc i es troben embolicats per càpsules ovígeres gairebé esfèriques d’unes 140 micres de diàmetre (Ortea, 1981; García-Gómez, 1987).

Etimologia

• Placida. Del Llatí “placeō”, satisfer. També significa plàcida, suau, tranquil·la, quieta, pacífica.
• Verticilata. Del Llatí “verticillus”, significa “amb verticils”. Per la disposició en verticils de les ramificacions digestives dels cerata. En biologia un verticil és un conjunt de tres o més fulles, branques o altres òrgans que broten d’una base en el mateix nivell.

Distribució
Es tracta d’una espècie que, fins al moment, s’ha citat només de les costes del Canal de la Manxa (Muller, 2004), Canàries, Açores, Madeira (Borges et al. 2010), la Península Ibèrica i el Carib (Costa Rica, Cuba; Miloslavich et al, 2010). A la Península Ibèrica (Cervera et al. 2004) s’ha registrat a la costa cantàbrica, a Portugal, zona de l’Estret de Gibraltar i el Mediterrani andalús. A Catalunya s’ha observat recentment en diferents localitats de la Costa Brava (Illes Medes, Cala Aiguafreda, Tossa de Mar). Possiblement la seva àrea de distribució sigui més àmplia, en haver-se citat erròniament com a P. dendritica a causa de la similar morfologia, coloració i substrat.

Altres fotos

Bibliografia

1246567 Placida verticilata 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 2086 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Sánchez-Tocino, L. (2018). El Litoral de Granada - Opistobranquios. El Litoral de Granada. Disponible en: https://litoraldegranada.ugr.es/el-litoral/el-litoral-sumergido/fauna/moluscos/gasteropodos/opistobranquios/ [Accedido 3 de enero de 2019]
Templado, J., Villanueva, R. (2010). Checklist of Phylum Mollusca. pp. 148-198 In Coll, M., et al., 2010. The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. PLoS ONE 5(8):36pp.
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WoRMS Editorial Board. (2026). World Register of Marine Species. WoRMS. Disponible en: http://www.marinespecies.org
Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

Més informació

• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• El Litoral de Granada
• Flickr pictures
• Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
• NCBI GenBank
• OBIS - Search by Taxon
• World Register of Marine Species

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