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Hermaea variopicta

Hermaea variopicta (Costa, 1869)

Hermaea variopicta @ L'Escala per Enric Madrenas

Informació taxonòmica WoRMS

Nom acceptat actual: Hermaea variopicta (A. Costa, 1869)

Classificació actual

SuperdomainBiota
KingdomAnimalia
PhylumMollusca
ClassGastropoda
SubclassHeterobranchia
InfraclassEuthyneura
SubterclassTectipleura
SuperorderSacoglossa
SuperfamilyPlakobranchoidea
FamilyHermaeidae
GenusHermaea
SpeciesHermaea variopicta (A. Costa, 1869)

Classificació proporcionada pel World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). [140095]

Sinònims

  • Hermaea polychroma Hesse, 1872
  • Hermaeopsis variopicta Costa A., 1869 (original)

Descripció
Els exemplars d’aquesta espècie solen mesurar entre 10 i 15 mm de longitud però han estat citats amb una mida màxima de 30-40 mm. Es tracta d’una espècie molt vistosa per la seva coloració: el cos és de color porpra-violaci, més o menys fosc segons els animals. Distribuïdes pel cap, rinòfors, dors del cos i cerates hi ha unes taques allargades taronges, groguenques i blanques. Aquestes taques es combinen a la zona cefàlica, per davant i per darrere dels rinòfors, amb la coloració violàcia del cos d’una manera molt complexa. Els rinòfors són auriculats, més amples en la seva zona mitjana i amb l’extrem apuntat; a la cara dorsal de cada rinòfor destaca una franja de pigment blanc-groguenc que emergeix del cap. Els ulls són molt visibles i es troben mica per darrere de la base dels rinòfors, al final d’una àrea blanca. La zona pericàrdica, situada entre els primers cerates, destaca per la seva pigmentació en forma d'”ocel”: una taca ovalada blanca envoltada d’una franja violàcia i vorejada externament per una banda taronja. Els cerates són més aviat aplanats, amples a la seva zona mitjana i acabats en punta, tenint gran capacitat d’expandir-se, adquirint una forma globosa, o de contreure’s; el seu color és com el cos però amb l’extrem pigmentat de taronja i la part inferior de color blanc opac. Els cerates de major grandària són els més interns, disminuint progressivament la mida en els més externs. L’anus es troba just per davant de la zona cardíaca. El peu és de color blanc, és arrodonit i s’eixampla a la zona anterior.

Biologia
A causa de la raresa relativa d’aquesta espècie es coneixen pocs detalls de la seva biologia. Sol trobar-se entre algues rodofícies on, a causa de la seva coloració críptica, sol passar desapercebuda. Les algues entre les que s’ha citat i de les que pot alimentar són Halurus equisetifolius (B. Picton), Solieria chordalis i Plocamium cartilagineum (H. Limouzin). La posta pren la forma d’una cinta transparent de 2-3 mm de diàmetre, de vegades enrotllada en espiral, amb ous blancs.

Etimologia

  • Hermaea. Derivat d’Hermes, personatge de la mitologia grega.
  • Variopicta. Del Llatí “Vario-“, fluctuar, canviar, variar, vacil·lar, marcat amb colors contrastats + “picta”, acolorit, decorat, pintat.

Distribució
Es tracta d’una espècie europea que ha estat citada a les costes atlàntiques de les Illes Britàniques i de França, al Marroc i a la Mediterrània occidental. A la Península Ibèrica s’ha observat en totes les seves zones costaneres tant atlàntiques com mediterrànies (Cervera et al, 2004), també a les Balears i les Canàries. A les costes catalanes s’ha citat a Es Caials, L’Escala, Tossa de Mar i Blanes.

Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Hermaea variopicta
Fonts:
OBIS
GROC 2010-2011
Enric Madrenas
João Pedro Silva
Bernard Picton
GBIF
OPK
VIMAR
Manuel Ballesteros
M@re Nostrum
Altres fonts
Marine Regions

Abundància

Mediterrània occidental: ★★☆☆☆
Mediterrània oriental: ☆☆☆☆☆
Oceà Atlàntic: ★★☆☆☆
Mes

Aquesta gràfica mostra la probabilitat d’observació mensual de Hermaea variopicta basada en els nostres propis registres.

Videos

 

Altres fotos

Hermaea variopicta by Enric Madrenas
Hermaea variopicta by Fabio Vitale (www.salentosommerso.it)
Hermaea variopicta by Fabio Vitale (www.salentosommerso.it)
Hermaea variopicta by Sandrine Bielecki
Hermaea variopicta @ Banyuls (France) 01-07-1992
Hermaea variopicta@L’Escala by Enric Madrenas
Hermaea variopicta@L’Escala by Enric Madrenas
Hermaea variopicta@L’Escala by Enric Madrenas
Hermaea variopicta@L’Escala by Enric Madrenas
Hermaea variopicta@L’Escala by Enric Madrenas
Hermaea variopicta @ France by Pascal Girard
Hermaea variopicta @ France by Pascal Girard
Hermaea variopicta @ L’Escala by Enric Madrenas
Hermaea variopicta @ L’Escala by Enric Madrenas
Hermaea variopicta @ L’Escala by Enric Madrenas

Bibliografia

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    Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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Ballesteros, M., Madrenas, E. & Pontes, M. (2025) "Hermaea variopicta" a OPK-Opistobranquis. Publicat: 14/05/2012. Accedit: 28/07/2026. Disponible a (https://opistobranquis.info/ca/?p=268)