Polycera norvegica

Polycera norvegica Sørensen, Rauch, Pola & Malaquias, 2020

Polycera norvegica @ Ouessant, France (CC BY) iNaturalist per François Roche

Nota taxonòmica: fins al 2020, el morfotip de Polycera norvegica Sørensen, Rauch, Pola & Malàquies, 2020 s’incloïa en la majoria de les descripcions publicades de P. quadrilineata. Korshunova et al (2021) van publicar el seu treball sobre el complex Polycera quadrilineata, on es van reconèixer quatre espècies de les costes atlàntiques europees, inclosa una nova espècie per a la ciència, Polycera kernowensis, basada en un enfocament multidisciplinar (molecular, morfològic, filogenètic, filoge i ecològic) per a la determinació d’espècies. En aquest treball, els autors van considerar que l’espècie Polycera norvegica era un sinònim júnior de Polycera capitata (designació original: Thecacera capitata), però Malaquias et al. (2022) mostren que, d’acord amb la ICZN, Thecacera capitata (i en conseqüència també Polycera capitata) s’ha de considerar nomen dubium, per la qual cosa restitueixen Polycera norvegica com el nom vàlid per a aquesta espècie, segons Sørensen et al. (2020).

Sinònims

• Polycera capitata (Alder & Hancock, 1854) > nomen dubium
• Thecacera capitata Alder & Hancock, 1854

Descripció
Cos allargat, de fins a 14 mm de llarg, limaciforme, amb una cresta marginal evident. El cos és més alt i més ample a la part mitjana, prop de l’anus, les brànquies i les papil·les, i acaba en una cua punxeguda. Superfície del cos llisa, coberta de tubercles aplanats dispersos, que són variables en nombre i mida. En exemplars amb morfotip puntejat aquests tubercles tendeixen a ser de color groc clar. Presenta un vel frontal amb 4-7 processos digitiformes de color groc o taronja amb puntes blanquinoses que apunten endavant. Exemplars amb morfotip puntejat sovint amb només taques grogues escampades sobre un cos de color blanquinós translúcid. Els rinòfors no són retràctils i tenen de 6 a 10 laminetes, amb les tiges lleugerament inclinades cap endavant i un mucró cilíndric a l’extrem distal. Les taques oculars són al notum, just darrere dels rinòfors, gairebé indistingibles en alguns espècimens. La brànquia està formada per entre 7 i 11 fulles pinnades que poden ser de diferents mides. Són parcialment retràctils en una butxaca del notum. Hi ha unes papil·les allargades i estretes a cada costat de les brànquies, apuntant cap enrere o cap als costats, que són més curtes, gruixudes i amb la punta arrodonida en individus amb morfotip puntejat, i primes amb la punta més fina en els individus de morfotip groc /taronja.

Es distingeixen dues formes de color principals:

1. Forma de color puntejat (Figura A): color base blanc translúcid amb punts negres, marró fosc o grisos escampats per tota la superfície. Taques marrons/taronges presents a la regió del cap o, de vegades, escampades a l’atzar per tot el cos. Rinòfors de color blanc translúcid; laminetes de vegades amb un lleuger toc de pigmentació groc clar; tija de vegades marró fosc o gris (Figura B). Processos del vel frontal de color blanc translúcid, amb poques taques grogues disperses, distribuïdes a l’atzar. Papil·les posteriors blanques amb puntes grogues; de vegades part basal blanca esquitxada de taques grogues o negres. Branquies blanquinoses amb taques grogues, ataronjades o negres al llarg del raquis i les puntes.
   

   Formes de color de Polycera norvegica per C.G.Sørensen

2. Forma de color groc/taronja (C), en els exemplars estudiats les tiges dels rinòfors sempre eren blanquinoses i sense pigmentació negra. A la regió del cap i a les brànquies poden haver taques minúscules de color grisenc.

Biologia
Espècie sublitoral que es troba entre 2 y 15 m de fondària, sovint sobre algues marines (Laminaria spp.).

Etimologia

• Polycera, del grec “polys”, diverses + “keras”, banyes.
• Norvegica, del llatí “norvegicus”, de o pertanyent a Noruega.

Distribució
Costes atlàntiques europees des de Noruega fins a Espanya i Portugal, comú al voltant de les Illes Britàniques i Irlanda.

Altres fotos

Bibliografia

1246567 Polycera norvegica 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 37639 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.

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