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Aeolidioidea

Els eolidacis es diferencien dels altres nudibranquis pel seu cos estilitzat i per la presència de grups de papil·les, denominades cerata, en el dors i als costats del cos. La coloració dels eolidacis sol ser molt vistosa, principalment la de les papil·les dorsals. El cap té, en la part frontal, uns tentacles orals llargs i fins, mentre que en el dors té els rinòfors, que poden ser llisos o disposar de laminetes o berrugues.

Nemesignis banyulensis per Enric Madrenas

La glàndula digestiva està molt ramificada i les seves ramificacions, en forma de conducte buit, penetren a l’interior de cada cerata. En moltes espècies l’extrem de la glàndula digestiva de cada cerata es dilata formant un petit sac esfèric anomenat cnidosac que comunica amb l’exterior a través d’un porus, el cnidoporus, situat a la punta del cerata. Tenen respiració cutània ja que no tenen brànquies definides i utilitzen també els cerata per a l’intercanvi de gasos. La ràdula és estreta, i pot tenir només una filera de dents (ràdula monoseriada) o tenir 3 dents en cada filera (ràdula triseriada); generalment hi ha un parell de mandíbules còrnies en la part anterior del bulb bucal. Els orificis anal i genital estan situats a la dreta del cos. El peu pot diferenciar, en la seva zona anterior, un parell de palps propodials, curts i de forma triangular. Les preses dels eolidacis són principalment cnidaris: pòlips de hidrozous, meduses i anemones. Aquesta especialització alimentària proporciona a aquests nudibranquis un mecanisme de defensa de gran interès biològic, ja que són capaços d’utilitzar per a la seva pròpia defensa les càpsules urticants o cnidocists procedents de les seves preses. Per causes que es desconeixen encara, aquests cnidocists ni es descarreguen ni són digerits pels sucs digestius del nudibranqui i, a més, a través de les ramificacions de la glàndula digestiva arriben als cnidosacs de la punta dels cerata, on es guarden. Aquests cnidocists poden ser expulsats a l’exterior en contacte amb el possible depredador, on es descarreguen i efectuen la seva acció defensiva. Algunes espècies s’han especialitzat a alimentar-se d’ous de peixos, de crustacis cirrípedes o fins i tot d’altres espècies de nudibranquis. Els eolidacis solen trobar-se sobre colònies d’hidrozous, freqüentment la mateixa espècie que depreden, i on solen dipositar les seves postes que solen ser en forma de cordó enrotllat de variades maneres. En altres ocasions se’ls pot localitzar en la cara inferior de les pedres, prop d’anemones, fins i tot a molt poca profunditat o ben passejant en parets rocoses amb abundància d’algues i invertebrats.

Classificació

La taxonomia dels aeolidacis proposada per Bouchet et al. (2017) i acceptada per WoRMS és:

Aeolidioidea J. E. Gray, 1827

  • Aeolidiidae J. E. Gray, 1827
    • Aeolidia Cuvier, 1798
    • Aeolidiella Bergh, 1867
    • Aeolidiopsis Pruvot-Fol, 1956
    • Anteaeolidiella M. C. Miller, 2001
    • Baeolidia Bergh, 1888
    • Berghia Trinchese, 1877
    • Bulbaeolidia Carmona, Pola, Gosliner & Cervera, 2013
    • Cerberilla Bergh, 1873
    • Limenandra Haefelfinger & Stamm, 1958
    • Spurilla Bergh, 1864
    • Zeusia Korshunova, Zimina & Martynov, 2017
  • Babakinidae Roller, 1973
    • Babakina Roller, 1973
  • Facelinidae Bergh, 1889
    • Adfacelina Millen & Hermosillo, 2012
    • Algarvia García-Gómez & Cervera, 1990
    • Amanda Macnae, 1954
    • Anetarca Gosliner, 1991
    • Antonietta Schmekel, 1966
    • Austraeolis Burn, 1962
    • Bajaeolis Gosliner & Behrens, 1986
    • Burnaia M. C. Miller, 2001
    • Caloria Trinchese, 1888
    • Cratena Bergh, 1864
    • Crateninae Bergh, 1889
    • Dicata Schmekel, 1967
    • Echinopsole Macnae, 1954
    • Emarcusia Roller, 1972
    • Facelina Alder & Hancock, 1855
    • Facelininae Bergh, 1889
    • Facelinopsis Pruvot-Fol, 1954
    • Favorininae Bergh, 1889
    • Favorinus J. E. Gray, 1850
    • Hermosita Gosliner & Behrens, 1986
    • Herviella Baba, 1949
    • Herviellinae Burn, 1967
    • Janssonius Ortea & Moro, 2022
    • Jason M. C. Miller, 1974
    • Learchis Bergh, 1896
    • Moridilla Bergh, 1888
    • Myja Bergh, 1896
    • Noumeaella Risbec, 1937
    • Palisa Edmunds, 1964
    • Pauleo Millen & Hamann, 1992
    • Phidiana Gray, 1850
    • Pruvotfolia J. Tardy, 1970
    • Pteraeolidiinae Risbec, 1953
      • Pteraeolidia Bergh, 1875
    • Sakuraeolis Baba, 1965
    • Setoeolis Baba, 1965
  • Flabellinidae Bergh, 1889
    • Calmella Eliot, 1906
    • Carronella Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schrödl & Picton, 2017
    • Coryphellina O’Donoghue, 1929
    • Edmundsella Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schrödl & Picton, 2017
    • Flabellina McMurtrie, 1831
    • Paraflabellina Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schrödl & Picton, 2017
  • Flabellinopsidae Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schrödl & Picton, 2017
    • Baenopsis Korshunova, Martynov, Bakken, Evertsen, Fletcher, Mudianta, H. Saito, Lundin, Schrödl & Picton, 2017
    • Flabellinopsis MacFarland, 1966
  • Glaucidae Gray, 1827
    • Glaucilla Bergh, 1861
    • Glaucus Forster, 1777
  • Hantazuidae Korshunova, Fletcher & Martynov, 2025
    • Hantazuia Korshunova, Fletcher & Martynov, 2025
  • Myrrhinidae Bergh, 1905
    • Dondice Er. Marcus, 1958
    • Godiva Macnae, 1954
    • Hermissenda Bergh, 1879
    • Nanuca Er. Marcus, 1957
    • Nemesignis Furfaro & Mariottini, 2021
    • Phyllodesmium Ehrenberg, 1831
  • Piseinotecidae Edmunds, 1970
    • Piseinotecus Er. Marcus, 1955
  • Pleurolidiidae Burn, 1966
    • Pleurolidia Burn, 1966
    • Protaeolidiella Baba, 1955

Espècies d’aeolidacis citades a la Mediterrània o al voltant de la Península Ibèrica:

Bibliografia

    1246567 Aeolidioidea 1 eunomia-revista-en-cultura-de-la-legalidad 50 creator asc 1 456 https://opistobranquis.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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    Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J. P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., Nützel, A., Parkhaev, P. et al. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia, 61(1-2), 1-526.

    Bibliografia basada en els treballs de Steve Long, 2006. Bibliography of Opisthobranchia 1554-2000 i Gary McDonald, 2009. Bibliographia Nudibranchia, amb actualitzacions posteriors procedents d´altres fonts.