Guia d’Opistobranquis Doridida Doridoidei Doridoidea Doris verrucosa

Doris verrucosa

Doris verrucosa (Linnaeus, 1758)

Doris verrucosa @ Basin de Thau, France 30.05.2020 per Pascal Girard

Informació taxonòmica WoRMS

Nom acceptat actual: Doris verrucosa Linnaeus, 1758

Classificació actual

Superdomain	Biota
Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Mollusca
Class	Gastropoda
Subclass	Heterobranchia
Infraclass	Euthyneura
Subterclass	Ringipleura
Superorder	Nudipleura
Order	Doridida
Infraorder	Doridoidei
Superfamily	Doridoidea
Family	Dorididae
Genus	Doris
Species	Doris verrucosa Linnaeus, 1758

Sinònims

Archidoris granosa Bergh, 1907
Doridigitata verrucosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Doris biscayensis P. Fischer, 1872
Doris derelicta P. Fischer, 1867
Staurodoris bobretzkii Gadzikiewicz, 1907
Staurodoris januari Bergh, 1878
Staurodoris januarii Bergh, 1878
Staurodoris verrucosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Staurodoris verrucosa var. mollis Eliot, 1906

Descripció
Els exemplars més grans d’aquesta espècie poden arribar als 8 cm de longitud, però freqüentment els animals localitzats sota pedres a poca profunditat mesuren entre 25 i 40 mm. El color general de cos pot ser, segons els exemplars, verd-groguenc, marronós o grisenc de diferents tons i en els animals més clars solen existir dues bandes longitudinals laterals més fosques que van des dels rinòfors fins el plomall branquial. El detall més característic, i al que fa honor el seu nom específic, són els tubercles en forma de berrugues que es troben per tot el dors. Aquestes berrugues són elevades, més o menys allargades segons l’estat de l’animal i d’extrem arrodonit. Les berrugues del centre del dors solen ser les més desenvolupades, tenen la seva base una mica més estreta i la seva mida va decreixent conforme ens aproximem a la vora del mantell. Les berrugues dorsals tenen a la seva base una fina estriació blanquinosa possiblement deguda a la presència d’espícules en el mantell. Els rinòfors són del mateix color que el cos i la seva porció laminar té una vintena de laminetes; la beina rinofórica és elevada i la seva vora superior té 4 tubercles, dos laterals grans i aplanats i un anterior i un altre posterior petits. La brànquia està formada per 12-16 fulles branquials de color groc-verdós situades en cercle al voltant de l’anus i que tenen curtes làmines a banda i banda del raquis central. La papil·la anal és de forma cilíndrica i groguenca. La beina branquial és una mica elevada i en la seva vora sol tenir papil·les arrodonides alternativament grans i petites. El peu és ampli i una mica més clar que el del cos. La boca disposa de dos palps labials curts i arrodonits.

Biologia
Es tracta d’una espècie de nudibranqui infralapidícola que viu sota pedres principalment a la zona intermareal i fins a uns 10-15 m de profunditat. En aquest ambient viu l’espècie d’esponja que constitueix el seu aliment, Halicondria panicea, encara que s’ha citat que menja també l’esponja Hymeniacidon sanguinea (Urgorri, 1981; Àvila et al., 1990). Els rinòfors són molt sensibles, retraient-se al menor moviment de l’aigua al voltant de l’animal. La posta està constituïda per una cinta de color groguenc enrotllada en una espiral d’uns 15 mm de diàmetre. D.verrucosa té al·lomones defensives anomenades verrucosines (metabòl·lits secundaris del grup dels diacilglicèrids i d’acció ictiotóxica), que pel que sembla biosintetiza de novo el propi animal, sense necessitar precursors procedents de l’esponja que constitueix el seu aliment (Avila et al. 1990).

Etimologia

Doris. En la mitologia Grega Doris era una nimfa marina, una dels fills de Oceà i Tethys, dona de Nereu i mare de les Nereides.
Verrucosa fa referència als aparents tubercles en forma de berruga disseminats pel dors.

Distribució
És una de les espècies de nudibranquis més antigues conegudes, ja que va ser descrita per Linné en la seva edició de 1758 del Systema Naturae. Des de llavors s’ha citat a les dues ribes de l’oceà Atlàntic i al Mar Mediterrani. A les costes occidentals atlàntiques s’ha comprovat la seva presència al Brasil, Costa Rica i altres àrees del Carib, Golf de Mèxic i costes nord-americanes des de Massachusetts a Florida. A l’Atlàntic oriental ha estat citada a Cap Verd, Canàries, costes atlàntiques europees, des del Mar del Nord fins a la Península Ibèrica, Ghana i costa oest de Sud-àfrica. A la Península Ibèrica viu en totes les zones costaneres, tant atlàntiques com mediterrànies. A les costes catalanes s’ha citat a Roses, les Illes Medes, L’Estartit, Blanes, Sitges, interior del port de Vallcarca (Garraf) i Cubelles (on sol ser bastant abundant, sota pedres, a 30 cm de profunditat) i al Delta de l’Ebre, on és freqüent.

Cites georeferenciades conegudes de l'espècie: Doris verrucosa

Fonts:

	OBIS
	GROC 2010-2011
	Enric Madrenas
	João Pedro Silva
	Bernard Picton
	GBIF

	OPK
	VIMAR
	Manuel Ballesteros
	M@re Nostrum
	Altres fonts
	Marine Regions

Abundància

Mediterrània occidental:	★★☆☆☆
Mediterrània oriental:	★☆☆☆☆
Oceà Atlàntic:	★☆☆☆☆

Mes

Aquesta gràfica mostra la probabilitat d’observació mensual de Doris verrucosa basada en els nostres propis registres.

Videos

Altres fotos

Doris verrucosa radula by Manuel Ballesteros

Doris verrucosa with spawn by Manuel Ballesteros

Doris verrucosa by Manuel Ballesteros

Doris verrucosa @ Portugal by Joao Pedro Silva

Doris verrucosa by José Carlos García Gómez

Doris verrucosa @ Basin de Thau, France 30.05.2020 by Pascal Girard

Doris verrucosa @ Ponton De La Bordelaise, Bassin De Thau by Pascal Girard

Doris verrucosa @ France by Pascal Girard

Doris verrucosa gills & spawn @ France by Pascal Girard

Doris verrucosa @ Ebro delta (Spain) by Manuel Ballesteros

Doris verrucosa @ Ebro delta (Spain) by Miquel Pontes

Doris verrucosa @ Salento (Italy) by Fabio Vitale

Doris verrucosa by Manuel Ballesteros

Doris verrucosa @ Ebro delta by Manuel Ballesteros

Bibliografia

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